유럽 주요국의 경제안보 분야 대중국 전략과 시사점(European Approaches to China in the Area of Economic Security)

본 보고서에서는 최근 EU 및 유럽 주요국에서 제시하고 있는 경제안보 분야 대중국 전략을 문헌조사, 통계분석, 현지조사, 전문가간담회를 통해 다각도로 분석하였다. EU 및 유럽 주요국이 제시하고 있는 다양한 산업 및 통상 정책에는 중국의 경제적, 정치적 위상 제고에 대응하여 자국의 산업경쟁력을 보호하기 위한 노력이 반영되고 있다. 유럽 주요국의 대중국 전략 변화가 우리 기업에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 대응하는 한편, 우리나라의 대중국 전략을 수립하는 참고자료로 활용할 필요가 있다. This report analyzes the recent strategies of the EU and major European countries regarding economic relations with China, through literature review, statistical analysis, field research, and expert interviews. Chapter 2 of this report examines the background to the recent changes in the public attitudes towards China and ‘China Strategy' of Europe. China’s rising economic and diplomatic profile has led to an intensification of the U.S.-China trade dispute since the mid-2010s. The COVID-19 pandemic has turned the U.S.-China conflict into a competition over values such as democracy, freedom, and human rights. The West has intensified its criticism of the Chinese Communist Party regime, including human rights issues and media control. After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war, China’s pro-Russian behavior further aggravated European perceptions of China, and countries responded by establishing official ‘China Strategy’. Chapter 2 further examines the trends and determinants of public attitudes towards China in major European countries. The trend of rising anti-China sentiment over the past decade was evident in the data from Eurobarometer, Pew Research Center, and YouGov. Regression analyses showed that the trade deficit is the most significant factor in worsening public perceptions of China, while trade with China itself is effective in improving public perceptions. Institutional factors, such as the rule of law, were not significant in the full sample, but were found to be significant in explaining changes in public attitudes after 2017, when the regime competition with China began to intensify. (the rest omitted)