주요국의 산업별 디지털 전환이 노동시장에 미치는 영향(Research on Digital Transformation and Labor Market in Major Countries)

디지털 전환은 기업 생존과 산업의 경쟁력 제고, 국민 삶의 질 향상과 국가 발전을 위한 필수적인 사항이 되었으며, 최근 4차 산업혁명 신기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 중요한 정책 과제가 되었다. 본 보고서에서는 국가별·산업별로 다양한 정의의 디지털 전환 추세를 제시하고, 미국, 독일, 한국에서의 디지털 전환이 노동시장과 어떻게 관련이 있는지 분석하는 한편, 주요국의 디지털 전환 관련 노동시장 정책에 대하여 살펴보았다. Digital transformation represents a paradigm shift that covers every facet of corporate management, including production, development, ordering, customer management, and business strategy. Rooted in digital technology, this transformative shift has become essential for corporate survival, fostering industrial competitiveness, elevating the quality of life, and contributing to national development. While the attention on digital transformation has escalated recently with the rapid integration of fourth industrial technologies such as the Internet of Things, 3D printing, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, its essence is deeply related to long-term processes like process automation and the evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT). This study investigates global and industry-specific trends in digital transformation, examining its correlation with the labor market in the United States, Germany, and Korea, and analyzing pertinent labor market policies. In Chapter 2, the study examines various definitions of digital transformation from previous research and measures and compares the digital transformation of industries in major countries using indicators such as ICT capital stock, ICT intermediate input, and robot capital stock. The analysis of data from 2000 to 2017 indicates a significant increase in digital transformation in most of the 16 countries studied. While Korea maintained a top position in ICT equipment capital stock and intermediate spending from 2000 to 2017, software concentration and intermediate spending remained in the mid-range. Particularly, Korea’s robot concentration in manufacturing increased significantly, making it the country with the highest robot concentration among the 16 nations. Despite Korea’s prowess in traditional digital transformation, its adoption of digital technologies (Internet of Things, 3D printing, cloud computing, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence) between 2018 and 2021 lags behind the OECD average, particularly in artificial intelligence. This analysis underscores Korea’s dominance in conventional digital transformation but reveals a deficit in adoption of cutting-edge technologies. (the rest omitted)