기후클럽 형성에 대한 통상정책적 대응방안 연구(Policy Pathways for Korea in Climate Club Participation)

이 보고서는 무임승차와 탄소 누출을 억제하기 위한 기후클럽의 등장에 주목한다. 국제사회로부터의 탄소중립과 기후클럽 참여 요청에 직면한 우리나라의 입장에서 G7 주도 기후클럽의 제안과 미국-EU 간의 철강 알루미늄 협상을 검토하였다. 또한 기후클럽 가입에 따른 경제적 영향 분석과 국내 산업계의 의견을 반영한 기후클럽 참여의 방향성을 제시하고, 무역과 기후변화의 균형을 이루면서 국제적 노력에 한국이 기여할 수 있는 대응방안을 모색하였다. South Korea faces a dilemma between responding to an invitation from a climate club advocating for rapid carbon reduction and addressing the domestic burden of decarbonization, rooted in its carbon emission-intensive industrial structure. The Korean government must strike a balance between the goals of achieving climate neutrality and sustaining economic growth. These two issues represent a kind of Gordian knot, notoriously difficult to untangle. Yet, the reality is stark, and the urgency of the climate crisis is undeniable. In this context, this paper aims to introduce the theory of the climate club. Utilizing this framework, we examine the G7-initiated climate club and the GSSA as real-world case studies. In chapter 2, we analyze the global carbon reduction effort by examining investment data from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and FDI markets to analyze the investment patterns in the climate and environmental sectors at both government and private firm levels. This reveals a disparity between inward and outward investment patterns. We also observe that the main destination for investment is renewable energy, yet capital flow into fossil fuels remains substantial. This reflects the varied levels of NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) achievements between the G7 and developing countries, which amplifies concerns over carbon leakage and the issue of competitiveness in developed countries. Based on these findings, we recognize the increasing number of new initiatives concerning climate change. Among them, due to their inclusiveness and comprehensiveness, the IDA, IFCMA, IDDA, Breakthrough Agenda, FMC, JETP are particularly noteworthy. (the rest omitted)