러시아-우크라이나 전쟁이 EU의 '개방형 전략적 자율성' 확대에 미친 영향: 에너지 전환, 인적 교류, 안보 통합을 중심으로(Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on the Extension of EU’s ‘Open Strategic Autonomy’: Towards Energy Trasition, Refugee Influx and Security Integration)

본 보고서에서는 EU가 내세운 ‘개방형 전략적 자율성’ 기조가 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 전후 공급망, 에너지 전환, 인적 교류, 안보 통합의 영역에서 어떻게 구현되는지 고찰하였다. 미중 전략경쟁, 코로나19 팬데믹, 전쟁 등 최근의 통상환경 변화에 대한 EU의 정책 대응을 현지조사, 문헌조사, 통계분석 등을 통해 폭넓게 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 한국 정부와 기업이 활용할 수 있는 기회요인과 맞대응해야 할 도전요인, 그리고 한-EU 협력 유망 영역을 제시하였다. This report examines how EU’s ‘open strategic autonomy’ has been developed and realized facing recent changes in the global trade landscape, especially in areas such as supply chain, energy transition, immigration, and security integration. In response to the fragmentation and blocization of the global economy, which manifested in the US-China strategic competition, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine war, the EU has sought to strengthen the competitiveness of its own high-tech and strategic industries and reduce its dependence on foreign countries (strategic autonomy). At the same time, it seeks to continue cooperation with like-minded countries with shared values and interests to address challenges that require global effort (openness). Chapter 2 defines open strategic autonomy in more detail and investigates how it has been implemented in the supply chain sector. The industrial and trade policies that have been published since the inauguration of the current EU Presidency in 2019 embody the concept of open strategic autonomy, which is defined as “strengthening competitiveness Executive Summary in the region to defend EU interests without relying on other countries, while continuing to cooperate with partners who share the values and interests.” After the Russia-Ukraine War, the EU continued its efforts to identify areas of weakness in the EU’s competitiveness and to localize and diversify its supply chains. This strategic shift was reflected in a series of supply chain legislation such as the European Chips Act, Critical Raw Materials Act, Net-Zero Industrial Act, and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. The EU sets targets for the share of home-produced goods and provides various support measures such as subsidies, tax benefits, R&D investment, and workforce training. In addition, the legislation emphasizes bilateral and multilateral strategic partnerships, reflecting the open strategic autonomy of the region to continue cooperation with like-minded countries. (the rest omitted)