기후변화에 따른 아프리카ㆍ중동의 식량안보 위기와 한국의 협력방안(Impacts of Climate Change and Policy Implications on Food Security in Africa and the Middle East)

본 연구는 기후변화가 아프리카·중동의 식량안보에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 통해 우리나라의 대아프리카 및 대중동 농업·식량 분야 정책시사점을 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 가뭄, 홍수와 같은 기상이변이 아프리카와 중동지역에서 점차 빈번해지고 있으며, 특히 농산물 가격 상승과 영양 부족 인구 증가에 영향을 주고 있다. 이에 따라 아프리카·중동 주곡에 대한 품종 개발, 관개수로 시설 확대를 통한 수자원 확보, 기상재해 경보 시스템 도입과 같은 생산 측면에서의 협력과 더불어 소비 측면에서는 취약계층 지원을 위한 식량원조 역시 확대할 필요가 있다. As a result of the recent outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war, the global agri-food supply chain has collapsed, thereby raising concerns about food security in Africa and the Middle East. The international community is paying greater attention to the issue of food security caused by climate change, which is actually affecting food supply and demand in Africa and the Middle East as a result of frequent weather conditions, such as droughts, flooding, and heat waves. As a result of an intensifying drought, North Africa increased its imports of external grain in January 2022, and East Africa has experienced droughts that have adversely affected its crops in recent years. It is therefore increasingly important for the international community to cooperate to respond to the food security crisis resulting from climate change, and Korea should expand its cooperation to address climate change, food security, and agriculture in Africa and the Middle East. Climate change has both a global and a national impact, and African and Middle Eastern developing countries, especially those with insufficient climate resilience, are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change on agriculture and food production. It is therefore necessary to develop policies that can help lead the discussion of climate change in the international community while also increasing support for the agri-food sector through official development assistance (ODA) funded by Korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to analyze the food security crisis in Africa and the Middle East caused by climate change from the perspective of supply and demand, and to identify potential areas of cooperation. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food security as “a situation in which everyone is always physically, socially and economically accessible to a sufficient amount of safe and nutritious food, while meeting individual dietary needs and preferences for a healthy and active life.” Therefore, food security should be considered throughout the entire food production and consumption process, toward which this study also examined the current state of the African and Middle Eastern food security crisis, causes of food insecurity, and policies to address it.(the rest omitted)