바이든 행정부의 글로벌 공급망 재편 정책과 시사점: 반도체 및 배터리 산업을 중심으로(Policies and Implications of Reorganizing Global Supply Chains by the Biden Administration: Focusing on Semiconductor and Battery Industry)

본 연구에서는 바이든 행정부의 반도체 및 전기차 배터리 산업에 대한 미국 중심 공급망 재편 정책 추진 현황과 향후 전망에 대해 논의하였다. 이어서 이 연구는 글로벌 반도체 및 배터리 산업 공급망 현황을 바탕으로 앞으로 해당 산업 공급망 재편의 향방을 가늠해 보았다. 끝으로 본 연구는 바이든 정부의 공급망 재편 정책 시행이 미국과 한국 경제에 미치게 될 영향을 간접적으로 추정하고, 앞선 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국에 대한 정책 시사점을 도출하였다. This study discusses the current status and future prospects of the Biden administration’s U.S.-centered supply chain reorganization policy for the semiconductor and electric vehicle battery industries. In addition, based on the current status of the global semiconductor and battery industry supply chain, this study addresses the future direction of the industry supply chain reorganization. Finally, this study indirectly estimates the impact of implementation of the Biden government’s supply chain restructuring policy on the U.S. and Korean economies, and derives policy implications accordingly. In February 2021, President Biden signed an Executive Order on the implementation of the supply chain structure and development strategy for major industries in the U.S. Accordingly, a government- wide review of the supply chain structure, supply chain risks, and policy proposals for four key items (semiconductors, large-capacity batteries, core minerals, and pharmaceuticals) over a 100-day period was announced in June 2021. Subsequently, in February 2022, the results of a one-year analysis by seven relevant government departments were released to secure a stable supply chain in six major industries (defense, health, ICT, energy, transportation, and agriculture). Meanwhile, the U.S. Congress passed a series of bills to strengthen the nation’s supply chain. For example, the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, which includes incentives for investment in semiconductor manufacturing facilities and equipment in the U.S., was passed by the Congress on July 28, 2022. In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 for electric vehicle purchase subsidy policy was passed in Congress, and took effect on August 16, 2022 upon President Biden’s signing.(the rest omitted)