포용적 혁신성장을 위한 주요국의 경쟁정책 분석과 정책적 시사점(Study of Competition Policies for Inclusive and Innovative Growth)

전 세계 주요국의 상위 1%의 소득비중은 증가하고 있으며 불평등지수도 증가세를 보이고 있다. 기존 연구들은 세계화, 숙련편향적 기술진보, 디지털전환등을 불평등 심화의 요인으로 지적한 바 있다. 하지만 보다 최근에는 이러한 요인들과 함께 시장경쟁의 약화 및 산업집중도 심화가 불평등 심화의 주요한 요인으로 주목받고 있다. 같은 맥락에서 시장경쟁을 촉진하는 경쟁정책의 역할에대해서도 기존의 전통적인 시각을 넘어서 불평등 심화에 대한 대응책으로서 고민해보아야 할 시점이다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 주요국의 사례조사와 실증분석을 수행하고, 이를 통해서 우리 정부가 추구하고 있는 포용적 혁신성장을 달성하기 위한 경쟁정책 방향을 제안하고자 한다. The share of income possessed by the top 1% in major countriesis increasing, together with a rise in the inequality index. Previousstudies have pointed out globalization, skill-biased technologicalprogress, and digital transformation as factors for deepeninginequality. More recently, however, weakening market competitionand deepening industrial concentration along with these factorshave been noted as major factors in deepening inequality. In thesame context, the role of competitive policies in promoting marketcompetition should also be considered as a countermeasureagainst deepening inequality beyond the traditional view. Againstthis backdrop, this study conducts case studies and empirical analysis of major countries and proposes a competitive policy directionto achieve inclusive and innovative growth pursued by the Koreangovernment. First, in Chapter 2, we looked at changes in the industry concentration of the US and the EU—the former which enacted theSherman Act, the first antitrust law in the world, and the latter another pillar in the history of global competition policy—then examined recent trends of policies in both regions. In both the USand the EU, industrial concentration has generally increased alongwith the recent proliferation of the digital economy. In addition, as the enforcement of competition laws in these regions is strengthened, the direction of competition policy is changing toward regulating not only anti-competitive actions that directly affect consumer welfare but also actions that can indirectly affect consumerwelfare. For example, the US has issued an Executive Order onPromotion Competition in the American Economy, calling for awhole-of-government effort to prevent damage to workers, entrepreneurs, and consumers across the industry, promote profits,and promote competition. (the rest omitted)