Author
Listed:
- Jung , Jihyun
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
- Kim , Hongwon
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
- Lee , Seungeun Claire
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
- Choi , Jiwon
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
Abstract
Korean Abstract: 급속한 경제성장과 공업화, 도시화 등으로 인하여 중국은 세계 1위의 대기오염물질 및 도시고형폐기물 배출국가가 되었으며, 수자원 부족과 수질오염이 심각한 상황이다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 중국은 역대최강 수준으로 환경보호법을 개정하고 대기, 수질 등 환경분야별로 각종 오염규제 및 환경산업육성 정책을 강화하고 있다. 세계 주요국의 환경산업 발전경험과 비교해보면, 제13차 5개년 규획기간(2016~20년)에 1인당 GDP가 1만 달러를 넘어설 전망인 중국의 환경산업은 J커브의 폭발적인 성장기에 진입할 것으로 보인다. 한편 환경정책의 실질적인 추진주체인 지방정부는 양적 성장과 환경보호 사이의 전략적 지향점이 서로 다르고, 중국 각 지역의 환경 산업 및 시장의 발전수준 역시 상이하다. 이에 본 연구는 중국의 환경오염 실태 및 지역적 분포, 분야별 환경시장과 지역적 특성, 환경정책의 지역별 추진상황 및 특징, 중국의 환경프로젝트 추진방식과 주요 기업 등을 분석하여 우리 환경기업의 중국 지역별 환경시장 진출 확대방안 및 정부 차원의 협력 강화방안을 모색하였다. 제2장에서는 중국의 환경시장 현황을 대기, 수질, 폐기물별로 주요 오염원 및 오염 배출의 지역적 분포와 분야별 환경시장규모 등을 통해 파악하였다. 중국의 대기오염은 연료의 연소과정을 거치는 화력발전 및 제철, 화학 등 제조업에서 주로 발생하기 때문에 산둥, 네이멍구, 허베이, 산시(山西), 허난, 랴오닝 등 주요 석탄산지 혹은 중화학공업 중심지에서 주로 배출되고 있다. 오폐수 배출량은 경제 및 인구 규모가 큰 광둥, 장쑤, 산둥, 저장, 허난 등의 비중이 높았으나 수질오염원(질소, 수은, 납 등)은 지역별로 상이하였다. 중국 폐기물 배출량의 90% 이상을 차지하는 공업고형폐기물은 광물자원이 풍부하거나 공업밀집지역인 허베이, 산시, 랴오닝 등에서 주로 발생하고 있으나, 지역마다 폐기물의 재활용률, 재활용 이후 처리율, 매립률이 상이하였다. 폐기물 중 도시생활폐기물은 인구 및 경제규모가 큰 광둥, 장쑤, 저장, 산둥의 배출량이 압도적으로 많았다. 한편 오염 배출 규제기준 및 오염 처리비용 등이 상대적으로 높고 경제가 발전한 연해지역의 환경 산업 및 시장의 발전수준이 비교적 높았다. (후략) English Abstract: Due to its rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, China now ranks first in the world as the country that produces the most air pollutant and municipal solid waste. The country also faces serious water scarcity and water pollution problems. In order to solve such problems, China has strongly revised its Environmental Protection Law as well as strengthening pollution controls and industry promotion policy in various fields of environment including air, water, and waste sectors. Considering the development experience of the environmental industries of some of the major countries in the world, the environmental industry of China, a country whose GDP per capita is expected to exceed 10,000 USD during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016~2020) is estimated to enter the phase of explosive growth of a j-curve. On the other hand, the level of development in China's regional environmental industries and markets vary due to the fact that local governments, who are the main actors in promoting environmental policies, have different strategic orientations ranging from quantitative growth to environmental protection. This research analyzes the state of China's environmental pollution and its regional distribution, sectoral environmental markets and its regional characteristics, China's regional environmental policies according to sectors and China's environmental projects and major companies. Based on the analysis, this research sought to present Korean environmental companies' exports strategy to the regional environmental markets in China as well as measures to strengthen government co-operations. The primary findings of this study can be summarized as follows: In Chapter 2, we study China’s environmental market. It looks into the regional distribution of major pollutants and the pollution source, according to air, water and waste management; it also looks at the size of the environmental market and regional structure for each sector. For China, air pollution is mainly generated from thermal power, which creates energy by burning up fuels and manufacturing industry, including steel and chemistry. Because of this, regions that have the country's primary coal fields or heavy industrial centers, such as Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Liaoning, were found to have high levels of pollutant emissions. Wastewater emissions were high in regions with a large economy and population, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Henan, but water pollution sources (e.g. lead, mercury, nitrogen, etc) differed according to regions. Industrial solid waste, which takes up more than 90% of China's waste emissions, are mainly produced in regions such as Hebei, Shanxi, and Liaoning, which have rich mineral resources or are manufacturing hubs. But the recycling rate of waste materials, processing ratio of recycling, and the reclamation rate differed by regions. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong, which have large population and economic size, produced an overwhelmingly large amount of municipal household waste. During the 13th Five-Year Plan, investment size of environmental industries is expected to reach around 17 trillion yuan. In the sectors of air, water, and waste management, investment amounting to 1.8 trillion yuan, 4.6 trillion yuan, and 4.3 ~ 5.1 trillion yuan, respectively, is estimated to be allotted. Factors restricting the growth of environmental industries and markets include low level of emissions controls, low cost of pollution disposal, and lack of punitive measures.
Suggested Citation
Jung , Jihyun & Kim , Hongwon & Lee , Seungeun Claire & Choi , Jiwon, 2015.
"중국 환경시장 분야별 특징 및 지역별 협력방안 (China's Environmental Market: Sectoral Features and Regional Cooperation),"
Policy Analyses
15-11, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
Handle:
RePEc:ris:kieppa:2015_011
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2783211
Note: Downloadable document is available in Korean.
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