Author
Listed:
- Kim , Jeong-Gon
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
- Choi , Bo-Young
(University of California, Davis)
- Lee , Boram
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
- Lee , Minyoung
(Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
Abstract
Korean Abstract: 최근 우리나라에서 성장동력으로서 중소기업의 역할이 강조되고 있는데, 이러한 추세는 미국과 일본, 독일, 그리고 핀란드 등에서도 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 이들의 최근 정책은 해외진출 활성화를 중소기업 발전의 중요한 요소로 인식한다는 공통점이 있으며, 중소기업 해외진출은 수출 증대 및 기업의 글로벌화 촉진과 성장, 그리고 국내 고용창출에 기여함으로써 국가경제적으로 중요한 의미가 있다. 우리 중소기업은 신흥시장을 중심으로 수출과 투자를 다각화하고 있으나, 수출과 해외직접투자에서 중소기업이 차지하는 비중은 오히려 줄어드는 추세이다. 이에 본고는 우리나라의 관련 정책을 평가하고 중소기업 수출과 투자 결정요인을 분석하는 한편, 상기 4개국의 정책을 연구함으로써 우리나라에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 우리나라는 신정부가 들어선 2013년 이후 수출 중소기업 지원 예산을 확충하고 있다. 아울러 지원의 비효율성을 제거하기 위해 기관간 협업을 강조하는 지원체계를 구축하고, 신흥시장 진출을 적극 지원하고 있다. 그러나 일률적인 지원방식, 해외진출 단계별 지원의 차별화 미흡, 그리고 지원기관 분산 등은 개선해야 할 부분이며, 중소기업 해외진출 지원이 제조업을 중심으로 이루어져 산업별 다양성도 부족하다. 구체적으로 보면 정보제공의 효율화, 해외 마케팅 지원, 기업 맞춤형 지원, 다양한 형태의 해외진출에 대한 지원을 강화할 필요가 있다. 본고의 실증 분석에 의하면, 우리나라 중소기업은 FTA를 통한 수출 및 투자 증대효과가 대기업에 비해 상대적으로 낮고, 외국의 계약과 조세 등 법체계의 복잡성, 환율변동성과 지리적 거리 등 해외활동의 각종 장애요인에 대한 대처능력도 대기업보다 취약하다. 또한 중소기업은 통관이 어려운 지역에 대한 수출을 기피하고 있다. 그리고 우리나라 중소기업은 1인당 소득이 상대적으로 낮은 국가에 진출하는 경향을 보이고 있는데, 이는 중소기업이 대기업에 비해 경쟁력이 약하기 때문인 것으로 평가된다. English Abstract: Recently, in Korea, the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is receiving emphasis as an engine for economic growth. It is a trend that figures prominently in recent policies of the United States and Japan. Furthermore, Germany, which has traditionally had strong SMEs and Finland, currently overcoming the decline of Nokia by activating SMEs, are concentrating their efforts on re-establishing the foundations for growth of SMEs. The recent policies of these countries have something in common as they recognize internationalization as an important element in SME development. Internationalization of SMEs is significant for the national economy as it contributes to export increase, job creation, and globalization and growth of companies. In case of Korean SMEs, they have recently tended to diversify their exports and investment in emerging markets, but the share of exports and FDI of SMEs is shrinking. Therefore, this study assesses recent Korean policies and analyzes the determinants of export and investment of Korean SMEs, and derives implications for Korea based on the analyses of the policies of the aforementioned four countries. Since 2013, the new government of Korea has been expanding the budget and establishing a support system for SMEs which emphasizes collaboration among institutions to eliminate the inefficiencies with respect to such support. Aside from this, there are also moves to bolster support for entry of these companies into emerging markets. However, there are some limitations (which implies the need for improvement) such as a less-than-uniform supporting systems, lack of assistance based on their stage of internationalization, and breakup of supporting institutions. In addition, lack of industrial diversity in support measures is another important limitation, as support of internationalization of SMEs is mostly focused on manufacturing businesses. More specifically, efficiency of information provision, supporting overseas marketing, customized programs, and various forms of support for overseas expansion should be strengthened. According to the empirical analyses of this study, Korean SMEs currently show lower levels of increase in exports and investment through FTAs compared to large firms, and also more vulnerable to various obstacles such as complexity of foreign countries’ contract and taxation systems, exchange rate volatility, and the geographical distance, etc. In addition, Korean SMEs tend to avoid exporting to countries that have complex customs procedures, and are more likely to export and invest in countries that have relatively low income per capita. This is possibly due to lack of competitiveness of Korean SMEs compared to large companies.
Suggested Citation
Kim , Jeong-Gon & Choi , Bo-Young & Lee , Boram & Lee , Minyoung, 2014.
"주요국의 중소기업 해외진출 지원전략과 시사점 (Major Countries' Policies for Supporting Internationalization of SMEs and Their Implications),"
Policy Analyses
14-11, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
Handle:
RePEc:ris:kieppa:2014_011
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2622303
Note: Downloadable document is in Korean.
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