IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/rdg/icmadp/icma-dp2011-02.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, Market Risk and Bank Capital

Author

Listed:
  • Simone Varotto

    (ICMA Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading)

Abstract

With a sample of twelve US bond indices spanning different maturities, credit ratings and industry sectors, we investigate the impact of new bank capital regulation for trading portfolios introduced by Basel III. Specifically, we estimate the new capital requirements for (a) liquidity risk and credit risk through the so called Incremental Risk Charge, and (b) the risk of extreme market movements, which we measure with stress tests based on the 2007-2009 financial crisis. We find that capital requirements should increase substantially more than suggested by extensive impact studies conducted by the regulators with the participation of a large sample of banks. We suggest that the lower impact on capital reported by the banks may be due to the assumed risk reduction stemming from their hedging strategies. However, their effectiveness in crisis scenarios remains an open question.

Suggested Citation

  • Simone Varotto, 2011. "Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, Market Risk and Bank Capital," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2011-02, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    • Handle: RePEc:rdg:icmadp:icma-dp2011-02
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.icmacentre.ac.uk/files/discussion-papers/DP2011-02.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Juan‐Ángel Jiménez‐Martín & Michael McAleer & Teodosio Pérez‐Amaral, 2009. "The Ten Commandments For Managing Value At Risk Under The Basel Ii Accord," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 850-855, December.
    2. Jianming Kou & Simone Varotto, 2008. "Timeliness of Spread Implied Ratings," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(3), pages 503-527, June.
    3. M.J.B. Hall, 1996. "The amendment to the capital accord to incorporate market risk," Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 49(197), pages 271-277.
    4. Robert A. Jarrow & David Lando & Stuart M. Turnbull, 2008. "A Markov Model for the Term Structure of Credit Risk Spreads," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Financial Derivatives Pricing Selected Works of Robert Jarrow, chapter 18, pages 411-453, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    5. Carey, Mark & Hrycay, Mark, 2001. "Parameterizing credit risk models with rating data," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 197-270, January.
    6. Pérignon, Christophe & Smith, Daniel R., 2010. "Diversification and Value-at-Risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 55-66, January.
    7. Pérignon, Christophe & Smith, Daniel R., 2010. "The level and quality of Value-at-Risk disclosure by commercial banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 362-377, February.
    8. Berg, Tobias, 2010. "The term structure of risk premia: new evidence from the financial crisis," Working Paper Series 1165, European Central Bank.
    9. Michael McAleer, 2009. "The Ten Commandments For Optimizing Value‐At‐Risk And Daily Capital Charges," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 831-849, December.
    10. Edwin J. Elton & Martin J. Gruber & Deepak Agrawal & Christopher Mann, 2001. "Explaining the Rate Spread on Corporate Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(1), pages 247-277, February.
    11. Robert B. Israel & Jeffrey S. Rosenthal & Jason Z. Wei, 2001. "Finding Generators for Markov Chains via Empirical Transition Matrices, with Applications to Credit Ratings," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 245-265, April.
    12. Treacy, William F. & Carey, Mark, 2000. "Credit risk rating systems at large US banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(1-2), pages 167-201, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rawan ABUZARQA, 2019. "Banking Risk Management According To The Requirements Of The Basel Agreements," SEA - Practical Application of Science, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 19, pages 29-38, May.
    2. Gatfaoui, Hayette, 2017. "Equity market information and credit risk signaling: A quantile cointegrating regression approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 48-59.
    3. Zhang, Xi & Li, Jian, 2018. "Credit and market risks measurement in carbon financing for Chinese banks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 549-557.
    4. Eduardo Viegas & Misako Takayasu & Wataru Miura & Koutarou Tamura & Takaaki Ohnishi & Hideki Takayasu & Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen, 2013. "Ecosystems perspective on financial networks: diagnostic tools," Papers 1301.5821, arXiv.org.
    5. Hafiz Waqas Kamran & Abdelnaser Omran & Shamsul Bahrain Mohamed-Arshad, 2019. "Risk Management, Capital Adequacy and Audit Quality for Financial Stability: Assessment from Commercial Banks of Pakistan," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(6), pages 654-664.
    6. Giovanni Pepe, 2013. "Basel 2.5: potential benefits and unintended consequences," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 159, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    7. Hafiz Waqas Kamran & Abdelnaser Omran & Shamsul Bahrain Mohamed-Arshad, 2019. "Risk Management, Capital Adequacy and Audit Quality for Financial Stability: Assessment from Commercial Banks of Pakistan," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(6), pages 654-664, June.
    8. Ahmed A. Elamer & Collins G. Ntim & Hussein A. Abdou & Alaa Mansour Zalata & Mohamed Elmagrhi, 2019. "The impact of multi-layer governance on bank risk disclosure in emerging markets: the case of Middle East and North Africa," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(2), pages 246-281, April.
    9. Ghulame Rubbaniy & Ali Awais Khalid & Stathis Polyzos & Balqees Naser Almessabi, 2022. "Cyclicality of capital adequacy ratios in heterogeneous environment: A nonlinear panel smooth transition regression explanation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 1960-1979, September.
    10. Mohamad Adam & Taufik & Muhammad Aditya Erfiyan Prathama, 2015. "Bank liquidity-stress testing and Basel III implementation in Indonesia," Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 7(1), pages 12-23, April.
    11. BATRANCEA, Ioan & STOIA, Ioan & CSEGEDI, Sandor & MOSCVICIOV, Andrei & NICHITA, Anca & ANDONE, Diana, 2013. "Econometric Model For Default Risk In Banks," Academica Science Journal, Economica Series, Dimitrie Cantemir University, Faculty of Economical Science, vol. 1(2), pages 35-43, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nickell, Pamela & Perraudin, William & Varotto, Simone, 2007. "Ratings-based credit risk modelling: An empirical analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 434-451.
    2. Giampaolo Gabbi & Andrea Sironi, 2005. "Which factors affect corporate bonds pricing? Empirical evidence from eurobonds primary market spreads," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 59-74.
    3. Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Malik, Farooq & McAleer, Michael, 2011. "Risk management of precious metals," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 435-441.
    4. McAleer, Michael & Jimenez-Martin, Juan-Angel & Perez Amaral, Teodosio, 2009. "Optimal Risk Management Before, During and After the 2008-09 Financial Crisis," MPRA Paper 20975, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Sep 2009.
    5. Blöchlinger, Andreas, 2011. "Arbitrage-free credit pricing using default probabilities and risk sensitivities," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 268-281, February.
    6. Til Schuermann & Yusuf Jafry, 2003. "Measurement and Estimation of Credit Migration Matrices," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 03-08, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    7. Nieto, Maria Rosa & Ruiz, Esther, 2016. "Frontiers in VaR forecasting and backtesting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 475-501.
    8. Albanese, Claudio & Chen, Oliver X., 2006. "Implied migration rates from credit barrier models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 607-626, February.
    9. Simone Varotto, 2007. "Tests on the Accuracy of Basel II," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2007-09, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    10. Wang, Jying-Nan & Yeh, Jin-Huei & Cheng, Nick Ying-Pin, 2011. "How accurate is the square-root-of-time rule in scaling tail risk: A global study," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1158-1169, May.
    11. Van Landschoot, Astrid, 2004. "Determinants of euro term structure of credit spreads," Working Paper Series 397, European Central Bank.
    12. Andrea Sironi, 2001. "An Analysis of European Banks' SND Issues and its Implications for the Design of a Mandatory Subordinated Debt Policy," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 20(2), pages 233-266, October.
    13. Hong-Ming Yin & Jin Liang & Yuan Wu, 2018. "On a New Corporate Bond Pricing Model with Potential Credit Rating Change and Stochastic Interest Rate," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-12, December.
    14. Nusrat Jahan, 2022. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Corporate Credit Spreads: Evidence from Canada," Carleton Economic Papers 22-07, Carleton University, Department of Economics.
    15. repec:zbw:rwirep:0243 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Vink, Dennis, 2007. "An Empirical Analysis of Asset-Backed Securitization," MPRA Paper 10382, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 25 Aug 2008.
    17. Zhou, Richard, 2010. "Counterparty Risk Subject To ATE," MPRA Paper 28067, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. da Veiga, B. & Chan, F. & McAleer, M.J., 2009. "It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties?," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI 2009-39, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    19. Siem Jan Koopman & André Lucas & Pieter Klaassen, 2002. "Pro-Cyclicality, Empirical Credit Cycles, and Capital Buffer Formation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 02-107/2, Tinbergen Institute.
    20. Ismail Tijjani Idris & Sabri Nayan, 2016. "The Moderating Role of Loan Monitoring on the Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Non-performing Loans in Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(2), pages 402-408.
    21. Giesecke, Kay & Longstaff, Francis A. & Schaefer, Stephen & Strebulaev, Ilya, 2011. "Corporate bond default risk: A 150-year perspective," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(2), pages 233-250.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Liquidity Risk; Credit Risk; Market Risk; Financial Crisis; Basel III.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rdg:icmadp:icma-dp2011-02. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marie Pearson (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bsrdguk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.