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Persistence of Informal Credit in Rural India: Evidence from ‘All-India Debt and Investment Survey’ and Beyond

Author

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  • Pradhan, Narayan

Abstract

Rural credit markets in India is characterised by the coexistence of both formal and informal sources of finance and the market is fragmented. To discuss the informal rural credit issue and to maintain consistency with All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS) data, this paper treats credit supplied by non-institutional agencies as informal while institutional agencies as formal sources of credit. It is assessed that the share of rural informal credit in total outstanding debt has been certainly decreasing over the period from 1950 to 2002 with various financial inclusion initiatives of the Reserve Bank and legislations of the various state governments to regulate moneylenders. However, about two-fifth of the rural households’ dependence on informal credit, even today, indicates further scope for financial inclusion in rural areas. This augurs well for new financial sector initiatives in the form of prompt and innovative policy responses to prioritise financial inclusion, financial education as well as financial literacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Pradhan, Narayan, 2013. "Persistence of Informal Credit in Rural India: Evidence from ‘All-India Debt and Investment Survey’ and Beyond," MPRA Paper 80381, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:80381
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kanika Rana & Brinda Viswanathan, 2019. "Household Choice of Financial Borrowing and Its Source: Multinomial Probit Model with Selection," Working Papers 2019-181, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    2. Ghosh, Saibal & Kumar, Rakesh, 2014. "Monetary policy and informal finance: Is there a pecking order?," MPRA Paper 65243, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Susan Thomas & Diya Uday, 2021. "Does the quality of land records affect credit access of households in India?," Working Papers 1, xKDR.
    4. Saibal Ghosh, 2020. "Access to and use of finance in India: does religion matter?," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 67-92, June.
    5. Khanna, Madhulika & Majumdar, Shruti, 2020. "Caste-ing wider nets of credit: A mixed methods analysis of informal lending and caste relations in Bihar," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    6. Ankur TUTLANI, 2016. "Effective Cost of Borrowing from Microfinance Institutions," Journal of Economics Bibliography, KSP Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 134-147, March.
    7. Cariappa, A. G. Adeeth & Sendhil, R, 2021. "Does Institutional Credit Induce on-Farm Investments? Evidence from India," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315221, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. saravanan, saravanan, 2016. "An Analysis of Institutional Credit, Agricultural Policy and Investment to Agriculture in India," MPRA Paper 72891, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Joshi, P.K., 2015. "Has Indian Agriculture Become Crowded and Risky? Status, Implications and the Way Forward," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 70(1).
    10. K.P. Krishnan & Venkatesh Panchapagesan & Madalasa Venkataraman, 2016. "Distortions in land markets and their implications to credit generation in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2016-005, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    11. Tutlani, Ankur, 2016. "Borrowers’ Participation in Group Borrowing," MPRA Paper 69506, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Evans Olaniyi, 2017. "Back to the Land: The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Agriculture in Nigeria," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 21(4), pages 885-903, Autumn.
    13. Khondker Aktaruzzaman & Omar Farooq, 2020. "Cultural fractionalization and informal finance: evidence from Indian firms," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(4), pages 661-679, December.
    14. Meenakshi Rajeev & B.P. Vani & Veerashekharappa, 2017. "Self-help groups for India’s financial inclusion: Do effective costs of borrowing limit their operation?," ICDD Working Papers 19, University of Kassel, Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften (Social Sciences), Internatioanl Center for Development and Decent Work (ICDD).
    15. K.P. Krishnan & Venkatesh Panchapagesan & Madalasa Venkataraman, 2016. "Distortions in Land Markets and their Implications to Credit Generation in India," Working Papers id:10562, eSocialSciences.
    16. Ankur TUTLANI, 2016. "Borrowers’ Participation in Group Borrowing," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 170-187, March.
    17. Shrabani Mukherjee, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Choice of Investment Capital for House-based Industries," Review of Market Integration, India Development Foundation, vol. 7(3), pages 214-241, December.
    18. Kartik Misra, 2019. "No Employment without Participation : An Evaluation of India's Employment Program in Eastern Uttar Pradesh," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2019-13, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.
    19. Tutlani, Ankur, 2016. "Effective Cost of Borrowing from Microfinance Institutions," MPRA Paper 69502, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Sudipta Bhattacharyya & Nikhil Kumar Mandal, 2021. "Transition in the Rural Credit Structure of West Bengal: The Case of Murshidabad District," Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy, Centre for Agrarian Research and Education for South, vol. 10(2), pages 210-248, August.
    21. Kanika Rana & Brinda Viswanathan, 2019. "Patterns of Access to Microfinance Loans in India," Review of Development and Change, , vol. 24(2), pages 259-279, December.
    22. Moumita Basu & Ranjanendra Narayan Nag, 2018. "Dualism, exchange rate, and employment: a structuralist model," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 287-310, December.
    23. Remya Tressa Jacob & Rudra Sensarma & Gopakumaran Nair, 2022. "Is rural household debt sustainable in a financially included region? Evidence from three districts of Kerala, India," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(4), pages 389-405, October.
    24. Muneeb Hussain Gattoo & S. M. Jawed Akhtar, 2015. "The Development of India’s Financial Inclusion Agenda—Some Lessons for Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 569-584.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Rural credit; Informal finance; Microfinance; Non-banking financial institutions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q1 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture

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