IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/78850.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The Khaldun-Laffer Curve Revisited: A Personal Income Tax-Based Analysis for Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • Şen, Hüseyin
  • Bulut-Çevik, Zeynep Burcu
  • Kaya, Ayşe

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to revisit as well as empirically examine an old but still discussed postulate, the Khaldun-Laffer curve, on the basis of personal income tax by making use annual time-series data for Turkey for the period 1970-2015. The findings of the paper confirm the validity of the Khaldun-Laffer curve hypothesis. In addition, we infer that the optimal tax rate that maximizes the tax revenue generated from personal income taxation in Turkey is 15.03 percent. This rate is well-below than the current rate which we estimate as 15.37 percent, implying that Turkey’s current tax rate for personal income tax takes place in the prohibitive range of the Khaldun-Laffer curve. These findings suggest that the current tax rate should be lowered and to its optimal level to collect more tax revenue. Getting down the current rate to its revenue-maximizing rate not only would it enable the Turkish authorities to collect more revenues with a relatively lower rate, but also would allow them to minimize the substitution effects of personal income tax while maximizing the income revenues from it.

Suggested Citation

  • Şen, Hüseyin & Bulut-Çevik, Zeynep Burcu & Kaya, Ayşe, 2017. "The Khaldun-Laffer Curve Revisited: A Personal Income Tax-Based Analysis for Turkey," MPRA Paper 78850, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 27 Apr 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:78850
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/78850/1/MPRA_paper_78850.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fullerton, Don, 1982. "On the possibility of an inverse relationship between tax rates and government revenues," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 3-22, October.
    2. Basil A. Dalamagas, 1998. "Testing the Validity of the Laffer-Curve Hypothesis," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 52, pages 77-102.
    3. Zsolt Becsi, 2000. "The shifty Laffer curve," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 85(Q3), pages 53-64.
    4. Pecorino, Paul, 1995. "Tax rates and tax revenues in a model of growth through human capital accumulation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 527-539, December.
    5. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    6. Francesco Busato & Bruno Chiarini, 2013. "Steady State Laffer Curve with the Underground Economy," Public Finance Review, , vol. 41(5), pages 608-632, September.
    7. Mateusz Walewski, 1999. "A Short Play on the Idea of Laffer Curve in Transition Economies," CASE Network Studies and Analyses 0175, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
    8. Sanyal, Amal & Gang, Ira N & Goswami, Omkar, 2000. "Corruption, Tax Evasion and the Laffer Curve," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 105(1-2), pages 61-78, October.
    9. Nutahara, Kengo, 2015. "Laffer curves in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 56-72.
    10. repec:bla:scandj:v:85:y:1983:i:4:p:499-519 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Ms. Janet Gale Stotsky & Ms. Asegedech WoldeMariam, 1997. "Tax Effort in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 1997/107, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Charles L. Ballard & Don Fullerton & John B. Shoven & John Whalley, 1985. "The Relationship between Tax Rates and Government Revenue," NBER Chapters, in: A General Equilibrium Model for Tax Policy Evaluation, pages 188-202, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Davidson, James E H, et al, 1978. "Econometric Modelling of the Aggregate Time-Series Relationship between Consumers' Expenditure and Income in the United Kingdom," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 88(352), pages 661-692, December.
    14. Hsing, Yu, 1996. "Estimating the laffer curve and policy implications," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 395-401.
    15. Alberto Alesina & Francesco Giavazzi, 2013. "Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number ales11-1, June.
    16. Stuart, Charles E, 1981. "Swedish Tax Rates, Labor Supply, and Tax Revenues," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 1020-1038, October.
    17. Heijman, W.J.M. & van Ophem, J.A.C., 2005. "Willingness to pay tax: The Laffer curve revisited for 12 OECD countries," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 714-723, October.
    18. Francesco Forte & Ram Mudambi & Pietro Maria Navarra (ed.), 2014. "A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14898.
    19. David Henderson, 1981. "Limitations of the Laffer Curve as a Justification for Tax Cuts," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 1(1), pages 45-52, Spring.
    20. Ballard, Charles L. & Fullerton, Don & Shoven, John B. & Whalley, John, 2009. "A General Equilibrium Model for Tax Policy Evaluation," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9780226036335, October.
    21. Feige, Edgar L. & McGee, Robert T., 1983. "Sweden’s Laffer Curve: Taxation and the Unobserved Economy," Working Paper Series 95, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    22. Karl Brunner, 1982. "Is Supply-Side Economics Enough?," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 2(3), pages 843-849, Winter.
    23. repec:adr:anecst:y:1998:i:52:p:04 is not listed on IDEAS
    24. Trabandt, Mathias & Uhlig, Harald, 2011. "The Laffer curve revisited," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(4), pages 305-327.
    25. Michal Karas, 2012. "Tax rate to maximize the revenue: Laffer curve for the Czech Republic," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 60(4), pages 189-194.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kostantinos J. Liapis & Evangelos D. Politis & Dimitra Ntertsou & Eleftherios I. Thalassinos, 2020. "Investigating the Relationship between Tax Revenues and Tax Ratios: An Empirical Research for Selected OECD Countries," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 215-229.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hüseyin ŞEN & Zeynep Burcu BULUT-ÇEVIK, 2021. "The Revenue-Maximizing Corporate Income Tax Rate for Turkey," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 122-142, December.
    2. Stanisław Cichocki & Ryszard Kokoszczyński, 2016. "The evolution of the Laffer curve as a framework for studying tax evasion: from simple theoretical to DSGE models," Ekonomia journal, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, vol. 45.
    3. Juan Pablo Herrera Saavedra & Juan Camilo Villar Otálora & Jacobo Campo Robledo, 2020. "Tributación en Colombia: Una aproximación teórica y empírica de la Curva de Laffer," Estudios Económicos SIC 18601, Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio.
    4. Alexandra Ferreira‐Lopes & Luís Filipe Martins & Ruben Espanhol, 2020. "The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries ‐ exploring the Laffer curve," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(2), pages 121-145, April.
    5. E. EHRHART & Alexandru MINEA & Patrick VILLIEU, 2009. "Deficits, Seignorage and the Growth Laffer Curve in Developing Countries," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 118, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    6. Dennis Ridley & Cartreal Davison, 2022. "Optimal Tax Rate for Maximal Revenue Generation," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 29(1), pages 271-284, March.
    7. Kostantinos J. Liapis & Evangelos D. Politis & Dimitra Ntertsou & Eleftherios I. Thalassinos, 2020. "Investigating the Relationship between Tax Revenues and Tax Ratios: An Empirical Research for Selected OECD Countries," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 215-229.
    8. Alexandru Minea & Patrick Villieu, 2009. "Impôt, déficit et croissance économique : un réexamen de la courbe de Laffer," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 119(4), pages 653-675.
    9. Mattos, Enlinson & Terra, Rafael, 2016. "Cash-cum-in-kind transfers and income tax function," Textos para discussão 414, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    10. David R. Henderson, 1989. "Are We All Supply‐Siders Now?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 7(4), pages 116-128, October.
    11. Heijman, W.J.M. & van Ophem, J.A.C., 2005. "Willingness to pay tax: The Laffer curve revisited for 12 OECD countries," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 714-723, October.
    12. Francisca Guedes de Oliveira & Leonardo Costa, 2013. "The Vat Laffer Curve And The Business Cycle," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 02, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    13. Ehrhart, Hélène & Minea, Alexandru & Villieu, Patrick, 2014. "Debt, seigniorage, and the Growth Laffer Curve in developing countries," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 199-210.
    14. Herrera Saavedra, Juan Pablo & Villar Otálora, Juan Camilo & Campo-Robledo, Jacobo, 2021. "Tributación en Colombia: Una aproximación teórica y empírica de la Curva de Laffer," Working papers 73, Red Investigadores de Economía.
    15. Sanz-Sanz, José Félix, 2022. "A full-fledged analytical model for the Laffer curve in personal income taxation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 795-811.
    16. Oguzhan Akgun & David Bartolini & Boris Cournède, 2017. "The capacity of governments to raise taxes," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1407, OECD Publishing.
    17. Zouhair Aït Benhamou, 2018. "A Steeper slope: the Laffer Tax Curve in Developing and Emerging Economies," Working Papers hal-04141686, HAL.
    18. Eugenio J. Miravete & Katja Seim & Jeff Thurk, 2018. "Market Power and the Laffer Curve," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 86(5), pages 1651-1687, September.
    19. Zouhair Ait Benhamou, 2018. "A Steeper slope: the Laffer Tax Curve in Developing and Emerging Economies," Post-Print hal-02977714, HAL.
    20. Hugo Pinto-de-Abreu & Elísio Brandão & Samuel Pereira, 2015. "Across Tax Mountains Assessing the Impact of Competition on the Laffer Curve," International Journal of Financial Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 4(1), pages 57-84.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tax Policy; Khaldun-Laffer Curve; Laffer Curve; Optimal Tax Rate; Personal Income Tax; Turkey;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:78850. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.