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Entanglement by Genes or Shares; Hamilton´s rule of kin selection revisited

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  • Friedrich, Thomas

Abstract

Help within genetically related and unrelated organisms as well as investments of investors holding shares to different degree including charity can be understood within the ensemble concept. In an ensemble transfer of substrate from a source to a sink may result in superadditivity as well as subadditivity. The ensemble with the better net profit will prevail. Source and sink may be entangled by genes or shares. The degree of entanglement is expressed by an entanglement factor between zero and one. This entanglement factor may be (over)compensated by a success factor. In non-entangled parties a higher success factor is necessary for partial compensation. However, the over-compensation is only a local phenomenon. In entangled parties a higher success factor will completely over-compensate lower entanglement. The redistribution of substrate from source to two different sinks is an example of a target conflict between maximal yield and maximal yield increase. The success factor is a complex amalgam of unknown but interrelated equations and values. Besides transfer efficiencies, survival probabilities and number an important part of the success factor is the time frame. In organisms costing help for offspring is due to genetic entanglement and a longer lifespan of the young offspring versus the old parent. Exceptions from this rule (filial cannibalism) are completely encompassed by the concept. Long term investments will outperform short term investments always on the long run - in case they manage to survive on the short run!

Suggested Citation

  • Friedrich, Thomas, 2014. "Entanglement by Genes or Shares; Hamilton´s rule of kin selection revisited," MPRA Paper 60267, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:60267
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Friedrich, Thomas, 2014. "Work cycles of independent ensembles," MPRA Paper 55090, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Friedrich, Thomas & Köpper, Wilhelm, 2013. "Schumpeter´s Gale: Mixing and compartmentalization in Economics and Biology," MPRA Paper 45405, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Friedrich, Thomas, 2023. "A positive net profit strategy and a pure substrate transfer strategy are both necessary for an ensemble to succeed in the presence of a fixed cost," MPRA Paper 117108, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Friedrich, Thomas, 2021. "Deterministic chaos within the transfer space - An unstable fixed point as a narrow ford to complexity through chaos," MPRA Paper 110993, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Friedrich, Thomas, 2018. "Evolution towards higher net profit in a population of ensembles of ensembles leads to division of labour," MPRA Paper 85517, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Friedrich, Thomas, 2019. "Transfers by force and deception lead to stability in an evolutionary learning process when controlled by net profit but not by turnover," MPRA Paper 92724, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Friedrich, Thomas, 2015. "Economic Concepts in Biology – Issues with Hamilton´s rule," MPRA Paper 63381, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Friedrich, Thomas, 2016. "Aquila non captat muscas :Homo Economicus between exploration and exploitation," MPRA Paper 75601, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    1. Friedrich, Thomas, 2019. "Transfers by force and deception lead to stability in an evolutionary learning process when controlled by net profit but not by turnover," MPRA Paper 92724, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Friedrich, Thomas, 2018. "Evolution towards higher net profit in a population of ensembles of ensembles leads to division of labour," MPRA Paper 97790, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Friedrich, Thomas, 2015. "The limits of wise exploitation in dependent and independent symmetric ensembles," MPRA Paper 68250, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Friedrich, Thomas, 2016. "Aquila non captat muscas :Homo Economicus between exploration and exploitation," MPRA Paper 75601, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Friedrich, Thomas, 2019. "How peaceful is the harmony of source and sink?," MPRA Paper 96764, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Friedrich, Thomas, 2014. "Work cycles of independent ensembles," MPRA Paper 55090, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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