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OECD Energy Intensity: Measures, Trends, and Convergence

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  • Liddle, Brantley

Abstract

This paper focuses on several different measures of OECD countries’ energy intensity levels, plots their trends, applies a number of techniques to determine whether those intensities are converging, explores the importance of that convergence, and estimates the future steady-state or long-run distribution of energy intensity for the OECD. The paper finds that OECD energy intensity typically is declining, and a number of parametric and nonparametric methods indicate a strong degree of convergence. However, convergence is conditioned on country specific factors since differences in individual energy-GDP ratios persist. These findings suggest limits to the general decline in developed country energy intensity.

Suggested Citation

  • Liddle, Brantley, 2012. "OECD Energy Intensity: Measures, Trends, and Convergence," MPRA Paper 52085, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:52085
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    6. Carlo Andrea Bollino & Marzio Galeotti, 2021. "On the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Is there Multivariate Convergence?," Working Papers 2021.06, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    7. Zahra Dehghan Shabani & Rouhollah Shahnazi, 2020. "Spatial distribution dynamics and prediction of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: spatial Markov chain approach," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(6), pages 1005-1025, December.
    8. Sebestyénné Szép, Tekla, 2016. "Energetikai konvergencia az Energia 2020 stratégia tükrében. A konvergenciaszámítások alkalmazásának egy alternatív lehetősége [Energy convergence in the light of the Energy 2020 strategy. An alter," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 564-587.
    9. Bello, Mufutau Opeyemi & Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Ch'ng, Kean Siang, 2024. "Is the renewable energy intensity convergent in OECD countries? Insights from novel unit root tests with factors and structural breaks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    10. Marco Sakai & Paul E. Brockway & John R. Barrett & Peter G. Taylor, 2018. "Thermodynamic Efficiency Gains and their Role as a Key ‘Engine of Economic Growth’," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Parker, Steven & Liddle, Brantley, 2017. "Economy-wide and manufacturing energy productivity transition paths and club convergence for OECD and non-OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 338-346.
    12. Marco Vittorio Ecclesia & Tiago Domingos, 2024. "Understanding the Historical Trend of Final Energy Intensity of GDP During Economic Transitions: The Case of Portugal (1960–2014)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    13. Menegaki, Angeliki N. & Ahmad, Nisar & Aghdam, Reza FathollahZadeh & Naz, Amber, 2021. "The convergence in various dimensions of energy-economy-environment linkages: A comprehensive citation-based systematic literature review," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    14. Azhgaliyeva, Dina & Liu, Yang & Liddle, Brantley, 2020. "An empirical analysis of energy intensity and the role of policy instruments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    15. Bhattacharya, Mita & Inekwe, John Nkwoma & Sadorsky, Perry & Saha, Anjan, 2018. "Convergence of energy productivity across Indian states and territories," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 427-440.
    16. Bello, Mufutau Opeyemi & Ch'ng, Kean Siang, 2022. "Convergence in energy intensity of GDP: Evidence from West African countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    17. Perillo, Frederico & Pereira da Silva, Patrícia & Cerqueira, Pedro A., 2022. "Decoupling efficiency from electricity intensity: An empirical assessment in the EU," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    energy intensity; convergence; intra-distribution dynamics; energy quality index; OECD countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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