De Rio a Rio+ Lecciones de 20 años de experiencia en servicios ambientales en Costa Rica[From Rio to Rio + Lessons from 20 years of experience in environmental services in Costa Rica]

The Rio Conference in 1992, with its Agenda 21 and the statement of principles for sustainable development, was an important impetus for environmental issues in Costa Rica, which together with processes already emerging in the country, led to the creation of Program Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in 1997. The ultimate goal of the program is to ensure PSA provision of forest environmental services: biodiversity protection, carbon sequestration and storage, water protection and scenic beauty. Although it is aimed at the reduction of poverty, the program required by law to find ways to improve the livelihoods of small and medium forest owners. However, to the extent that the program fulfills its purpose of providing environmental services, the final beneficiaries are not only those who receive payments, but the Costa Rican society that enjoys a healthy environment, and beyond compliance responsibilities country in the world to conserve biodiversity and mitigate climate change. 's success since its inception in the late nineties and through the 2000s has led to the program to define a long term vision, materialized concrete proposals for carbon, biodiversity and water. This paper critically examines how the program handles these multiple trade-offs (tradeoffs) and describes specific proposals parapolitical combined ("policy-mixes") that meet ecological, economic and sociological aimed at increasing the effectiveness of PES to achieve its multiple objectives.