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Financial Inclusion in India: A case-study of West Bengal

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  • Chattopadhyay, Sadhan Kumar

Abstract

The study observes that although there has been an improvement in outreach activity in the banking sector, the achievement in respect of financial inclusion is not significant in West Bengal. An index of financial inclusion (IFI) has been developed in the study using data on three dimensions of financial inclusion. It is revealed from the index that Kolkata district leads with the highest value of IFI, while rest of the districts show a very low level of financial inclusion. This implies that the State has to go a long way in achieving financial inclusion. Apart from this computation, a survey has also been conducted in the state in order to gauge the financial inclusion in rural Bengal and the results reveal that around 38 per cent of the respondents do not have sufficient income to open a savings account in the bank. It is also revealed that moneylenders are still a dominant source of rural finance despite wide presence of banks in rural areas. It is also observed that although various measures have been undertaken for financial inclusion in the State, the success is not found to be significant. However, only supply side factor is not responsible for the financial exclusion. Demand side factors are also equally responsible for this exclusion. Thus there is a need to solve both these problems with the help of appropriate policies. A whole-hearted effort is called for from all the corners of the society, viz., bankers, beneficiaries and regulators in order to make financial inclusion more meaningful and effective.

Suggested Citation

  • Chattopadhyay, Sadhan Kumar, 2011. "Financial Inclusion in India: A case-study of West Bengal," MPRA Paper 34269, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2011.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:34269
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Shika Saravanabhavan, 2018. "Understanding the disparity in financial inclusion across Indian States: A comprehensive index for the period 1984 – 2016," Working Papers 405, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    2. Neha Arora & Naresh Kumar, 2021. "Does Financial Inclusion Promote Human Development? Evidence from India," Jindal Journal of Business Research, , vol. 10(2), pages 163-184, December.
    3. Tanmoyee Banerjee-Chatterjee & Malabika Roy & Ajitava Raychaudhuri, 2021. "Financial Inclusiveness and Mobilization of Household Savings in Rural Area: Are They Related?," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 19(2), pages 223-249, June.
    4. Nanda, Kajole, 2019. "Dynamics between Bank-led Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: The Case of India," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 95-121.
    5. Zarina Abd Rahman, 2015. "Financial inclusion in Malaysia: tracking progress using index," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on "Financial Inclusion Indicators", co-hosted by the Bank Negara Malaysia, Sasana Kijang, Kuala Lumpur, 5-6 November 2012, volume 38, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Ayushi Raichoudhury, 2020. "Major Determinants of Financial Inclusion: State-Level Evidences from India," Vision, , vol. 24(2), pages 151-159, June.
    7. Smita Ramakrishna (Correspondence author) & Pankaj Trivedi, 2018. "What Determines the Success of Financial Inclusion? An Empirical Analysis of Demand Side Factors," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 14, pages 98-112, November.
    8. Shantanu Ghosh & Tarak Nath Sahu, 2021. "Financial inclusion and economic status of the states of India: An empirical evidence," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(2), July.
    9. Susanta Kumar SETHY & Phanindra GOYARI, 2022. "Measuring financial inclusion and its present status in South Asian countries. Evidence from a multidimensional Financial Inclusion Index," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(3(632), A), pages 131-150, Autumn.
    10. Yadav, Vishal & Singh, Shishir Kumar & Velan, Nirmala & Aftab, Md Asif, 2020. "Impact Assessment of Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana in Augmenting Financial Inclusion in India - A District-Level Analysis," MPRA Paper 105064, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Shahid Manzoor Shah & Amjad Ali, 2022. "A Survey on Financial Inclusion: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 310-330, December.
    12. Shika Saravanabhavan & Meenakshi Rajeev, 2024. "Financial inclusion in India: How far do grassroots institutions matter?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(5), pages 2318-2341, July.
    13. Ozili, Peterson K, 2024. "Financial inclusion and fintech research in India: A Review," MPRA Paper 121526, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Swami, Madhubala, 2016. "A study of performance of public sector banks in Thane city under the Prime Minister's Jan Dhan Yojana," MPRA Paper 98682, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Yu, Yantuan & Tang, Kai, 2023. "Does financial inclusion improve energy efficiency?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
    16. Yadava, Anup Kumar & Singh, Bhanu Pratap & Yadav, Vishal, 2021. "Nexus of Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Benchmarking the Performance of Indian States," MPRA Paper 108479, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Nanda, Kajole, 2019. "Dynamics between Bank-led Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: The Case of India," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 95-121.
    18. Manoj Panda & Samraj Sahay, 2020. "Determinants of Economic Growth across States in India," IEG Working Papers 399, Institute of Economic Growth.
    19. Vanesa Pesqué‐Cela & Lihui Tian & Deming Luo & Damian Tobin & Gerhard Kling, 2021. "Defining and measuring financial inclusion: A systematic review and confirmatory factor analysis," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(2), pages 316-341, March.
    20. Barine Michael Nwidobie, 2019. "Financial Inclusion Index in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis," International Journal of Publication and Social Studies, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(1), pages 26-36, March.
    21. Kalandi Charan Pradhan & Ritik Sharma, 2022. "Assessing the spatiotemporal financial inclusion and its determinants: a sub-national analysis of India," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 635-681, June.
    22. Sanjaya Kumar Lenka & Arun Kumar Bairwa, 2016. "Does financial inclusion affect monetary policy in SAARC countries?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1127011-112, December.
    23. Ashok Banerjee & Arindam Gupta, 2019. "Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana as a financial inclusion drive: a case study of West Bengal," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 46(4), pages 335-352, December.
    24. Sanjaya Kumar Lenka & Rajesh Barik, 2018. "Has expansion of mobile phone and internet use spurred financial inclusion in the SAARC countries?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 4(1), pages 1-19, December.
    25. Irving Fisher Committee, 2015. "Proceedings of the Workshop on "Financial Inclusion Indicators", co-hosted by the Bank Negara Malaysia, Sasana Kijang, Kuala Lumpur, 5-6 November 2012," IFC Bulletins, Bank for International Settlements, number 38.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    index of financial inclusion; money-lenders; dimensions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • D92 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice, Investment, Capacity, and Financing
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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