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Geoeconomics, China, Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Future

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  • Khan, Haider

Abstract

Geoeconomics is developing as field of inquiry and policy guidance in Global Security Studies, Global Political Economy and International Politics. Geoeconomics requires us to think in terms of new and old transportation corridors, international trade and finance, economic development or maldevelopment in a complex unevenly developed world of political economy and great power rivalry.I offer a new modified form of realism which I call critical trans-neoclassical realism (CTNR). Consistent with this somewhat novel theory, in our complex, uneven world of international competition, technological innovation needs to be reconceptualized as a complex dynamic system with national systems facing imperatives of both competition and cooperation. There is thus a call for increased efficiency. But this might neglect urgent needs for equity and thus lead to greater polarization. I present a nonlinear complex dynamic systems model of innovation for China within which both efficiency and equity can be addressed. For the fourth industrial revolution, digital technologies based on semiconductor material foundation and AI are analyzed for China within such a system which can be called socially embedded capabilities enhancing national innovation system or SECENIS. The Chinese SECENIS that is being built for the 21st century has important regional and geoeconomic implications for the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Khan, Haider, 2023. "Geoeconomics, China, Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Future," MPRA Paper 117372, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:117372
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haider A. Khan, 2004. "Interpreting East Asian Growth and Innovation," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-0-230-50353-3, December.
    2. Richard R. Nelson, 1993. "Technical Change as Cultural Evolution," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Ross Thomson (ed.), Learning and Technological Change, chapter 2, pages 9-23, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Xiao Jiang & Haider A. Khan, 2017. "Structural Change and Energy Use in China: A SAM-based CGE Analysis," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(6), pages 405-424, November.
    4. Khan, Haider, 2008. "Building an Innovative Economy through Managed Creative Destruction: A Theory with Applications to South Korea," MPRA Paper 7713, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2008.
    5. Jinghan Zeng, 2021. "China’s Artificial Intelligence Innovation: A Top‐Down National Command Approach?," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(3), pages 399-409, May.
    6. Haider Khan, 2002. "Innovation and Growth: A Schumpeterian Model of Innovation Applied to Taiwan," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(3), pages 289-306.
    7. Haider A. Khan, 1997. "Technology, Energy and Development," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1238.
    8. Nelson, Richard R., 1990. "U.S. technological leadership: Where did it come from and where did it go?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 117-132, April.
    9. Haider A. Khan, 2004. "Global Markets and Financial Crises in Asia," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-0-230-00079-7, December.
    10. Haider A. Khan, 2002. "Innovation and Growth: A Schumpeterian Model of Innovation," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-150, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    11. Haider A. Khan, 1998. "Technology, Development and Democracy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1247.
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    Cited by:

    1. Khan, Haider, 2023. "Dedollarization: The Role of Expanded BRICS and the Global South," MPRA Paper 119544, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Khan, Haider, 2023. "Towards a New Global Financial Architecture for the Global South," MPRA Paper 118142, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Global Security Studies; Global Political Economy; International Politics CTNR; China; 4th industrial revolution; Innovation; AI; semiconductors; Geoeconomics; SECENIS; complex dynamic nonlinear model ; Polarization; Equity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F5 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
    • F52 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - National Security; Economic Nationalism
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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