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Has financial inclusion made the financial sector riskier?

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  • Ozili, Peterson K

Abstract

This paper examines whether high levels of financial inclusion is associated with greater financial risk. The findings reveal that higher account ownership is associated with greater financial risk through high nonperforming loan and high cost inefficiency in the financial sector of developed countries, advanced countries and transition economies. Increased use of debit cards, credit cards and digital finance products reduced risk in the financial sector of advanced countries and developed countries but not for transition economies and developing countries. The findings also show that the combined use of digital finance products with increased formal account ownership improves financial sector efficiency in developing countries while the combined use of credit cards with increased formal account ownership reduces insolvency risk and improves financial sector efficiency in developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Ozili, Peterson K, 2021. "Has financial inclusion made the financial sector riskier?," MPRA Paper 105529, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:105529
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105529/1/MPRA_paper_105529.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Thorsten Beck & Lemma Senbet & Witness Simbanegavi, 2015. "Financial Inclusion and Innovation in Africa: An Overview," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 24(suppl_1), pages 3-11.
    8. Sharon Collard, 2007. "Toward Financial Inclusion in the UK: Progress and Challenges," Public Money & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(1), pages 13-20, February.
    9. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora, 2012. "Measuring financial inclusion : the Global Findex Database," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6025, The World Bank.
    10. Demirguc-Kunt,Asli & Klapper,Leora & Singer,Dorothe, 2017. "Financial inclusion and inclusive growth : a review of recent empirical evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8040, The World Bank.
    11. Daniela Gabor & Sally Brooks, 2017. "The digital revolution in financial inclusion: international development in the fintech era," New Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 423-436, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tuwe Soro Garbobiya & Olajide Oladipo & Paul Terhemba Iorember, 2024. "Financial inclusion and monetary policy targets: Evidence from the ECOWAS countries," Modern Finance, Modern Finance Institute, vol. 2(1), pages 84-100.
    2. Aamir Aijaz Syed, 2024. "The moderating role of governance, banking regulation, and supervision on shadow economy, financial inclusion, and financial stability nexus: a case of G5 economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2022. "Financial inclusion in Nigeria: an overview," MPRA Paper 113572, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Peterson K. Ozili & David Mhlanga, 2024. "Why is financial inclusion so popular? An analysis of development buzzwords," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(1), pages 231-253, January.
    5. Shubham Chavriya & Gagan Deep Sharma & Mandeep Mahendru, 2024. "Financial inclusion as a tool for sustainable macroeconomic growth: An integrative analysis," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 95(2), pages 527-551, June.
    6. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2021. "Financial inclusion and legal system quality: are they correlated?," MPRA Paper 110518, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ozili, Peterson K, 2022. "Digital financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 113789, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Zhang, Can & Liang, Qian, 2023. "Natural resources and sustainable financial development: Evidence from South Asian economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Mugabil Isayev, 2024. "Unraveling the interplay of financial inclusion, stability, and shadow banking in emerging markets," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1-17, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial inclusion; digital finance; Fintech; financial technology; nonperforming loans; efficiency; financial innovation; insolvency risk; credit card; debit card; formal accounts; account ownership; black swan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

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