IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/101031.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Product and Process Innovation, Keynesian Unemployment, and Economic Growth

Author

Listed:
  • Sasaki, Hiroaki

Abstract

In economic growth theory, product innovation and process innovation are important factors behind technological progress. This study builds an economic growth model that considers product and process innovation and theoretically investigates how these two types of innovation affect the economic growth rate and unemployment rate. Our model, based on that developed by Zagler (2004), allows us to make the following three main findings. We find that (1) an increase in the efficiency of product innovation increases both the economic growth rate and the unemployment rate; (2) an increase in the efficiency of process innovation increases the economic growth rate and does not affect the unemployment rate; and (3) in the R\&D sector, a decrease in the labor allocation to product innovation and an increase in the labor allocation to process innovation increase the economic growth rate and decrease the unemployment rate depending on the conditions. These findings suggest that to both raise employment and increase economic growth, we need not only a policy for fostering product innovation but also another policy to improve employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Sasaki, Hiroaki, 2020. "Product and Process Innovation, Keynesian Unemployment, and Economic Growth," MPRA Paper 101031, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:101031
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/101031/1/MPRA_paper_101031.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Masanao Aoki & Hiroshi Yoshikawa, 2004. "Demand saturation – creation and economic growth," Chapters, in: Paolo Onofri (ed.), The Economics of an Ageing Population, chapter 4, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Martin Zagler, 2004. "A New Look at Old Issues: Keynesian Unemployment Revisited," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 209-224.
    3. Philippe Aghion & Peter Howitt, 1994. "Growth and Unemployment," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 61(3), pages 477-494.
    4. Dixit, Avinash K & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1977. "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(3), pages 297-308, June.
    5. Aghion, Philippe & Howitt, Peter, 1992. "A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(2), pages 323-351, March.
    6. Sasaki, Hiroaki, 2010. "Endogenous technological change, income distribution, and unemployment with inter-class conflict," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 123-134, May.
    7. Hashimoto, Ken-ichi & Ono, Yoshiyasu, 2020. "A simple aggregate demand analysis with dynamic optimization in a small open economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 89-99.
    8. Harrison, Rupert & Jaumandreu, Jordi & Mairesse, Jacques & Peters, Bettina, 2014. "Does innovation stimulate employment? A firm-level analysis using comparable micro-data from four European countries," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 29-43.
    9. Pasinetti,Luigi, 1993. "Structural Economic Dynamics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521432825, January.
    10. Hiroki Murakami, 2017. "Economic growth with demand saturation and “endogenous” demand creation," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(4), pages 966-985, November.
    11. Hiroaki Sasaki, 2013. "Cyclical growth in a Goodwin–Kalecki–Marx model," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 108(2), pages 145-171, March.
    12. Kiminori Matsuyama, 1997. "Complementarity, Instability and Multiplicity," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 48(3), pages 240-265, September.
    13. Broda, Christian & Greenfield, Joshua & Weinstein, David E., 2017. "From groundnuts to globalization: A structural estimate of trade and growth," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(4), pages 759-783.
    14. Charles I. Jones, 1999. "Growth: With or Without Scale Effects?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(2), pages 139-144, May.
    15. Peter Flaschel & Peter Skott, 2006. "Steindlian Models Of Growth And Stagnation," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 303-338, July.
    16. Fabio Aricó, 2003. "Growth and Unemployment: Towards a Theoretical Integration," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 419-455, July.
    17. Parello, Carmelo Pierpaolo, 2011. "Labor market rigidity and productivity growth in a model of innovation-driven growth," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 1058-1067, May.
    18. Dale T. Mortensen, 2005. "Alfred Marshall Lecture: Growth, Unemployment, and Labor Market Policy," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 3(2-3), pages 236-258, 04/05.
    19. Romer, Paul M, 1990. "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 71-102, October.
    20. Amitava Krishna Dutt, 2006. "Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Economic Growth," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 319-336.
    21. Kurose, Kazuhiro, 2009. "The relation between the speed of demand saturation and the dynamism of the labour market," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 151-159, June.
    22. Kurose, Kazuhiro, 2013. "The dynamics of the labour market and income distribution in relation to the speed of demand saturation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 101-111.
    23. Gilberto Tadeu Lima, 2004. "Endogenous Technological Innovation, Capital Accumulation And Distributional Dynamics," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 386-408, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hiroaki Sasaki, 2024. "Effects of product and process innovation on growth and unemployment," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(11), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Hiroaki Sasaki, 2013. "Cyclical growth in a Goodwin–Kalecki–Marx model," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 108(2), pages 145-171, March.
    3. Roberto Veneziani & Luca Zamparelli & Daniele Tavani & Luca Zamparelli, 2017. "Endogenous Technical Change In Alternative Theories Of Growth And Distribution," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 1272-1303, December.
    4. Gancia, Gino & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 2005. "Horizontal Innovation in the Theory of Growth and Development," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 3, pages 111-170, Elsevier.
    5. Angus C. Chu & Guido Cozzi & Haichao Fan & Yuichi Furukawa, 2021. "Inflation, Unemployment, and Economic Growth in a Schumpeterian Economy," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(3), pages 874-909, July.
    6. Sasaki, Hiroaki & Sonoda, Ryunosuke, 2024. "Income Redistribution Policy, Growth, Inequality, and Employment: A Long-Run Kaleckian Approach," MPRA Paper 121968, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Sasaki, Hiroaki, 2012. "Is the long-run equilibrium wage-led or profit-led? A Kaleckian approach," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 231-244.
    8. Vladimir Matveenkov, 2012. "Structure of Equilibria in a Model of Endogenous Growth with Horizontal Innovations," DEGIT Conference Papers c017_051, DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade.
    9. Alberto Bucci & Fabio Fiorillo & Stefano Staffolani, 2003. "Can Market Power Influence Employment, Wage Inequality and Growth?," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2‐3), pages 129-160, May.
    10. Maria João Ribeiro, 2003. "Endogenous Growth: Analytical Review of its Generating Mechanisms," NIPE Working Papers 4/2003, NIPE - Universidade do Minho.
    11. MARTINS, Ana Paula, 2015. "Increasing Returns And Endogenous Growth: Market Size And Taste For Variety," Academica Science Journal, Economica Series, Dimitrie Cantemir University, Faculty of Economical Science, vol. 1(5), pages 3-33, June.
    12. Gilles Saint-Paul, 2021. "Secular satiation," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 291-327, September.
    13. Morimoto, Takaaki & Tabata, Ken, 2020. "Higher Education Subsidy Policy And R&D-Based Growth," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(8), pages 2129-2168, December.
    14. Gersbach, Hans & Schetter, Ulrich & Schmassmann, Samuel, 2023. "From local to global: A theory of public basic research in a globalized world," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    15. Volker Grossmann & Thomas Steger, 2007. "Growth, Development, and Technological Change," CESifo Working Paper Series 1913, CESifo.
    16. Jones, Larry E. & Manuelli, Rodolfo E., 1997. "The sources of growth," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 75-114, January.
    17. Sasaki, Hiroaki, 2024. "The Paradox of Technological Progress, Growth, Distribution, and Employment in a Demand-led Framework," MPRA Paper 121694, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Sedgley, Norman & Elmslie, Bruce, 2010. "Reinterpreting the Jones critique: A time series approach to testing and understanding idea driven growth models with transitional dynamics," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 103-117, March.
    19. Grossmann, Volker, 2007. "How to promote R&D-based growth? Public education expenditure on scientists and engineers versus R&D subsidies," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 891-911, December.
    20. Volker Grossmann, 2008. "Entrepreneurial Innovation and Sustained Long-run Growth without Weak or Strong Scale Effects," CESifo Working Paper Series 2264, CESifo.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    effective demand; notional demand; unemployment; economic growth; product and process innovation; monopolistic competition;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:101031. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.