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Quantifying Non-Tariff Barriers and Assessing their impacts on India’s key Agricultural exports using a Gravity Model

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  • Saarthak Sharma

Abstract

It is certain that the new world order in international trade restriction for domestic industry protection are not only tariffs but also various non-tariff barriers. As a matter of fact, identifying and measuring the extent of such barriers is far harder, whereas for tariffs, its simply, a numerical value that can be used to estimate the loss of trade and even the loss of welfare to an extent. However, this is not possible for non-tariff barriers simply due to their complexity and intertwining nature with other laws of the particular country as well as with its governmental structure. Thus, measuring such barriers and the extent to which such barriers cause damage to trade is extremely hard to measure accurately. Despite the hardships, several studies have been undertaken to analyse the impact of such barriers on exports of nations. This study aims to conduct a similar analysis for India, keeping in mind the variables that may affect India’s exports, there shall be an attempt to keep the model as explanatory and dynamic as possible. The study will consider data for a period of 10 years, 2010-2020, since the purpose is to judge and compare the impact of Non-tariff barriers relative to tariffs, all the variables included in the model will be considered with the view that they contribute more to the explanatory power of the model and are impacted by or are impactful on non-tariff barriers. The methodologies that are used, as well as the expected results, are discussed in the subsequent sections.

Suggested Citation

  • Saarthak Sharma, 2023. "Quantifying Non-Tariff Barriers and Assessing their impacts on India’s key Agricultural exports using a Gravity Model," Working Papers PKWP2316, Post Keynesian Economics Society (PKES).
    • Handle: RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2316
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Scott Bradford, 2003. "Paying the Price: Final Goods Protection in OECD Countries," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(1), pages 24-37, February.
    2. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2021. "General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 13-50, January.
    3. Beck, Nathaniel & Katz, Jonathan N., 1995. "What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(3), pages 634-647, September.
    4. Yoko Sazanami & Shujiro Urata & Hiroki Kawai, 1995. "Measuring the Costs of Protection in Japan," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 32, January.
    5. William Greene & Colin McKenzie, 2012. "LM Tests for Random Effects," Working Papers 12-14, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    6. Murat Genç & David Law, 2014. "A Gravity Model of Barriers to Trade in New Zealand," Treasury Working Paper Series 14/05, New Zealand Treasury.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    World Trade Organization; Non-Tariff Barriers; Tariffs; HS-Codes; Gravity Model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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