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The Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: A Fresh Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Zafar Iqbal

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics)

  • Sarfraz Khan Qureshi

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics)

  • Riaz Mahmood

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics)

Abstract

The underground economy and tax evasion have been a source of serious concern in Pakistan. This concern arises from the persistently low tax base and low tax elasticity and buoyancy, and consequently mounting fiscal deficit. Recently, not only economists but also sociologists, political leaders, policy-makers, non-governmental organizations, and the press are taking a lively interest in the size of the underground economy and tax evasion in Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Zafar Iqbal & Sarfraz Khan Qureshi & Riaz Mahmood, 1998. "The Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: A Fresh Assessment," PIDE Research Report 1998:158, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:rrepot:1998:158
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amanda S. Bayer & Richard D. Porter, 1984. "A monetary perspective on underground economic activity in the United States," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), issue Mar, pages 177-190.
    2. Klovland, Jan Tore, 1984. " Tax Evasion and the Demand for Currency in Norway and Sweden. Is There a Hidden Relationship?," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 86(4), pages 423-439.
    3. Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh, 1995. "The Underground Economy: Estimation, and Economic and Policy Implications: The Case of Pakistan," IMF Working Papers 1995/101, International Monetary Fund.
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