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Patterns in Special District Creation and Dissolution

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  • Goodman, Christopher B

    (Northern Illinois University)

Abstract

Special districts are a numerous and unique form of local government in the United States. Unlike cities, counties, and towns, special districts are created and dissolved often. Using tools from the industrial organizations literature, this analysis examines patterns in creation and dissolution of special districts using Census of Governments data from 1972 to 2017. Overall, the rate of entry (creation) has been declining over time while the rate of exit (dissolution) has remained steady. New districts tend to be small relative to existing districts and and exhibit slow growth over time. Lastly, special districts do not appear susceptible to the “liability of newness” or exhibit high levels of infant organizational mortality that is common in the private sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Goodman, Christopher B, 2019. "Patterns in Special District Creation and Dissolution," SocArXiv zwgjh, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:zwgjh
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/zwgjh
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher B Goodman, 2018. "Usage of Specialized Service Delivery: Evidence from Contiguous Counties," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 48(4), pages 686-708.
    2. Stephen Mehay, 1984. "The effect of governmental structure on special district expenditures," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 339-348, January.
    3. Richard E. Caves, 1998. "Industrial Organization and New Findings on the Turnover and Mobility of Firms," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 36(4), pages 1947-1982, December.
    4. Mark A Hager & Joseph Galaskiewicz & Jeff A Larson, 2004. "Structural embeddedness and the liability of newness among nonprofit organizations," Public Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 159-188, June.
    5. Charles M. Tiebout, 1956. "A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 64(5), pages 416-416.
    6. Jered B. Carr & Jayce Farmer, 0. "Contingent Effects of Municipal and County TELs on Special District Usage in the United States," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 41(4), pages 709-733.
    7. Yu Shi, 2017. "The Rise of Specialized Governance in American Federalism: Testing Links Between Local Government Autonomy and Formation of Special District Governments," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 47(1), pages 99-130.
    8. Stephen B. Billings & Deborah A. Carroll, 2012. "“Debrucing” the Link between Tax and Expenditure Limits and Special District Governments," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(2), pages 273-303, June.
    9. Goodman, Christopher B & Leland, Suzanne M., 2017. "Do Cities and Counties Attempt to Circumvent Changes in their Autonomy by Creating Special Districts?," SocArXiv 3rd7v, Center for Open Science.
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