IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/hqrj7_v1.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Tangible and intangible proximities in the access to Venture Capital: evidence from Italian innovative start-ups

Author

Listed:
  • Ghinami, Francesca
  • Montresor, Sandro

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the role that different forms of proximity have in the access to Venture Capital (VC) by Innovative Startup Companies (ISC). By referring to the population of Italian innovative startups, we find that tangible (spatial) proximity account for this matching, but more in functional than in geographical terms. Industrial proximity between the two actors matters too, and makes the role of functional proximity less binding for the matching. The greatest correlation emerges with respect to a relational kind of proximity, due to the closeness between partners in organisational and social terms.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghinami, Francesca & Montresor, Sandro, 2023. "Tangible and intangible proximities in the access to Venture Capital: evidence from Italian innovative start-ups," SocArXiv hqrj7_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:hqrj7_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hqrj7_v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/65648a63f0b8e23a30a9da5c/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/hqrj7_v1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bertoni, Fabio & Colombo, Massimo G. & Grilli, Luca, 2011. "Venture capital financing and the growth of high-tech start-ups: Disentangling treatment from selection effects," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 1028-1043, September.
    2. Michael Fritsch & Dirk Schilder, 2008. "Does Venture Capital Investment Really Require Spatial Proximity? An Empirical Investigation," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(9), pages 2114-2131, September.
    3. Petty, Jeffrey S. & Gruber, Marc, 2011. ""In pursuit of the real deal": A longitudinal study of VC decision making," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 172-188, March.
    4. Lutz, Eva & Bender, Marko & Achleitner, Ann-Kristin & Kaserer, Christoph, 2013. "Importance of spatial proximity between venture capital investors and investees in Germany," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(11), pages 2346-2354.
    5. Jane S. Pollard, 2003. "Small firm finance and economic geography," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 3(4), pages 429-452, October.
    6. Colin Mason & Yannis Pierrakis, 2013. "Venture Capital, the Regions and Public Policy: The United Kingdom since the Post-2000 Technology Crash," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(7), pages 1156-1171, July.
    7. Christian Catalini & Xiang Hui, 2018. "Online Syndicates and Startup Investment," NBER Working Papers 24777, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Meuleman, Miguel & Jääskeläinen, Mikko & Maula, Markku V.J. & Wright, Mike, 2017. "Venturing into the unknown with strangers: Substitutes of relational embeddedness in cross-border partner selection in venture capital syndicates," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 131-144.
    9. Daniela Fabbri, 2010. "Law Enforcement and Firm Financing: Theory and Evidence," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 8(4), pages 776-816, June.
    10. Luca Grilli, 2019. "There must be an angel? Local financial markets, business angels and the financing of innovative start-ups," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 620-629, May.
    11. Matthew A. Zook, 2002. "Grounded capital: venture financing and the geography of the Internet industry, 1994--2000," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 151-177, April.
    12. Ron Martin & Peter Sunley, 2002. "Taking risks in regions: the geographical anatomy of Europe's emerging venture capital market," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 121-150, April.
    13. Virgiliu Midrigan & Daniel Yi Xu, 2014. "Finance and Misallocation: Evidence from Plant-Level Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(2), pages 422-458, February.
    14. Daniel Dejuán & Juan S. Mora-Sanguinetti, 2019. "Quality of enforcement and investment decisions. Firm-level evidence from Spain," Working Papers 1927, Banco de España.
    15. Rainey, Carlisle, 2016. "Dealing with Separation in Logistic Regression Models," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(3), pages 339-355, July.
    16. Daniela Fabbri, 2010. "Law Enforcement and Firm Financing: Theory and Evidence," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 8(4), pages 776-816, June.
    17. Bart Nooteboom, 2000. "Learning by Interaction: Absorptive Capacity, Cognitive Distance and Governance," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 4(1), pages 69-92, March.
    18. Ron Martin & Christian Berndt & Britta Klagge & Peter Sunley, 2005. "Spatial Proximity Effects and Regional Equity Gaps in the Venture Capital Market: Evidence from Germany and the United Kingdom," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 37(7), pages 1207-1231, July.
    19. Colombelli, Alessandra & Grilli, Luca & Minola, Tommaso & Mrkajic, Boris, 2020. "To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
    20. Neil Lee & Ross Brown, 2017. "Innovation, SMEs and the liability of distance: the demand and supply of bank funding in UK peripheral regions," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 17(1), pages 233-260.
    21. Tianshu Zhao & Dylan Jones-Evans, 2017. "SMEs, banks and the spatial differentiation of access to finance," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 17(4), pages 791-824.
    22. King, Gary & Zeng, Langche, 2001. "Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 137-163, January.
    23. Fabio Schiantarelli & Massimiliano Stacchini & Philip E. Strahan, 2020. "Bank Quality, Judicial Efficiency, and Loan Repayment Delays in Italy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(4), pages 2139-2178, August.
    24. Valerio Vacca, 2013. "Financing innovation in Italy: an analysis of venture capital and private equity investments," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 209, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    25. Giraudo, Emanuele & Giudici, Giancarlo & Grilli, Luca, 2019. "Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    26. Toni M. Whited & Jake Zhao, 2021. "The Misallocation of Finance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(5), pages 2359-2407, October.
    27. Cumming, Douglas & Dai, Na, 2010. "Local bias in venture capital investments," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 362-380, June.
    28. Daniel Hain & Sofia Johan & Daojuan Wang, 2016. "Determinants of Cross-Border Venture Capital Investments in Emerging and Developed Economies: The Effects of Relational and Institutional Trust," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 138(4), pages 743-764, November.
    29. Nigam, Nirjhar & Benetti, Cristiane & Johan, Sofia A., 2020. "Digital start-up access to venture capital financing: What signals quality?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    30. Norton, Edgar & Tenenbaum, Bernard H., 1993. "Specialization versus diversification as a venture capital investment strategy," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 8(5), pages 431-442, September.
    31. Scott Shane & Daniel Cable, 2002. "Network Ties, Reputation, and the Financing of New Ventures," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(3), pages 364-381, March.
    32. Milosevic, Miona, 2018. "Skills or networks? Success and fundraising determinants in a low performing venture capital market," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 49-60.
    33. Mark Van Osnabrugge, 2000. "A comparison of business angel and venture capitalist investment procedures: An agency theory-based analysis," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(2), pages 91-109, April.
    34. Groh, Alexander Peter & von Liechtenstein, Heinrich & Lieser, Karsten, 2010. "The European Venture Capital and Private Equity country attractiveness indices," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 205-224, April.
    35. Massimo G. Colombo & Terttu Luukkonen & Philippe Mustar & Mike Wright, 2010. "Venture capital and high-tech start-ups," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 261-266, October.
    36. Massimo Colombo & Luca Grilli, 2007. "Funding Gaps? Access To Bank Loans By High-Tech Start-Ups," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 25-46, June.
    37. Ron Boschma, 2005. "Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 61-74.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ghinami, Francesca & Montresor, Sandro, 2023. "Tangible and intangible proximities in the access to Venture Capital: evidence from Italian innovative start-ups," SocArXiv hqrj7, Center for Open Science.
    2. Ferretti, Marco & Guerini, Massimiliano & Panetti, Eva & Parmentola, Adele, 2022. "The partner next door? The effect of micro-geographical proximity on intra-cluster inter-organizational relationships," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    3. Lutz, Eva & Bender, Marko & Achleitner, Ann-Kristin & Kaserer, Christoph, 2013. "Importance of spatial proximity between venture capital investors and investees in Germany," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(11), pages 2346-2354.
    4. Marc Cowling & Ross Brown & Neil Lee, 2021. "The geography of business angel investments in the UK: Does local bias (still) matter?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 53(5), pages 1180-1200, August.
    5. Christos Kolympiris & Sebastian Hoenen & Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes, 2018. "Geographic distance between venture capitalists and target firms and the value of quality signals," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 27(1), pages 189-220.
    6. Yannis Pierrakis & George Saridakis, 2019. "The role of venture capitalists in the regional innovation ecosystem: a comparison of networking patterns between private and publicly backed venture capital funds," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 850-873, June.
    7. Nicolas Bédu & Olivier Brossard & Matthieu Montalban, 2024. "Proximity relations and the fate of VC-backed startups: Evidence from a global 33-year-long dataset," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 429-464, April.
    8. Francesco Manaresi & Carlo Menon & Pietro Santoleri, 2021. "Supporting innovative entrepreneurship: an evaluation of the Italian “Start-up Act” [The effects of entry on incumbent innovation and productivity]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(6), pages 1591-1614.
    9. Massimiliano Guerini & Francesca Tenca, 2018. "The geography of technology-intensive start-ups and venture capital: European evidence," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 45(3), pages 361-386, September.
    10. Falavigna, Greta & Ippoliti, Roberto, 2023. "SMEs’ behavior under financial constraints: An empirical investigation on the legal environment and the substitution effect with tax arrears," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    11. Elisa Ughetto & Marc Cowling & Neil Lee, 2019. "Regional and spatial issues in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises and new ventures," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 617-619, May.
    12. Daniel Hain & Sofia Johan & Daojuan Wang, 2016. "Determinants of Cross-Border Venture Capital Investments in Emerging and Developed Economies: The Effects of Relational and Institutional Trust," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 138(4), pages 743-764, November.
    13. TIAN, Xiaoli & KOU, Gang & ZHANG, Weike, 2020. "Geographic distance, venture capital and technological performance: Evidence from Chinese enterprises," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    14. Michael Fritsch & Dirk Schilder, 2012. "The Regional Supply of Venture Capital: Can Syndication Overcome Bottlenecks?," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 88(1), pages 59-76, January.
    15. Fritsch, Michael & Schilder, Dirk, 2006. "Is venture capital a regional business? The role of syndication," Freiberg Working Papers 2006/09, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    16. Gerlinde Behrendt & Sarah Peter & Simone Sterly & Anna Maria Häring, 2022. "Community financing for sustainable food and farming: a proximity perspective," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(3), pages 1063-1075, September.
    17. Marek Zinecker & Martina Skalicka & Adam P. Balcerzak & Michał Bernard Pietrzak, 2022. "Identifying the impact of external environment on business angel activity," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 83-105, December.
    18. Flögel, Franz & Gärtner, Stefan, 2018. "Bankensysteme aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive," Working Paper Forschungsförderung 099, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
    19. Richard T Harrison & Babangida Yohanna & Yannis Pierrakis, 2020. "Internationalisation and localisation: Foreign venture capital investments in the United Kingdom," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 35(3), pages 230-256, May.
    20. José Ernesto Amorós & Miguel Atienza & Gianni Romaní, 2008. "Formal and Informal Equity Funding in Chile," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 35(2 Year 20), pages 179-194, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:hqrj7_v1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://arabixiv.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.