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Market Readiness: Building Blocks for Market Approaches

Author

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  • André Aasrud

    (International Energy Agency)

  • Richard Baron

    (International Energy Agency)

  • Katia Karousakis

    (OECD)

Abstract

Market-based mechanisms offer a number of advantages to other regulatory approaches for GHG mitigation such as technology or performance standards and feed-in tariffs. Advantages include their ability to attain an emissions goal at lower cost and to create incentives for innovation among sources covered by the mechanism (i.e. static and dynamic efficiency). Beyond these critical cost benefits, these mechanisms provide a potential revenue source for governments. This paper examines essential elements of “market readiness” for possible new mechanisms, looking at the necessary technical, policy and institutional frameworks that a country and/or its entities need to develop market mechanisms for accessing private and public financing for low-carbon development. The three main categories of market readiness building blocks covered in the paper are: i) technical readiness, including coverage of emitters, monitoring and verification and establishing registries; ii) policy readiness, including setting clear goals, choosing appropriate instruments and distributing benefits; and iii) institutional and legal readiness, including establishing responsibility for collection of emissions data, issuance of allowance and credits, and handling legal compliance issues. Whilst some of these elements of readiness will be developed in parallel, the paper suggests a phased approach beginning with assessing mitigation potential and feasibility studies of different policy instruments, then establishing the technical framework before the necessary legal and institutional framework, and finally entering a piloting phase with a critical review process. The establishment of existing market mechanisms such as the EU ETS and the CDM provide some lessons on the capacity building challenges encountered in developing market tools, and the time it took to overcome these. However, with the prospects of a more bottom-up and fragmented carbon market post-2012, efforts to harmonise and develop international minimum requirements for some of the market readiness building blocks such as MRV and transaction registries may be required. Such harmonisation efforts would facilitate market access and integration, as well as the development of an international post-2012 accounting framework. Les mécanismes de marché présentent divers avantages que n’offrent pas d’autres approches réglementaires de l’atténuation des émissions de GES comme les normes technologiques et de performance ou les tarifs d’achat. Ils permettent notamment d’atteindre un objectif de réduction des émissions à moindre coût et de créer des incitations à l’innovation pour les sources auxquelles ils s’appliquent (efficacité statique et dynamique). Outre ces effets déterminants sur les coûts, ces mécanismes peuvent produire des recettes publiques. Le présent document examine les composantes essentielles qui font qu’un marché est « prêt » à accueillir d’éventuels nouveaux mécanismes, en s’intéressant aux cadres institutionnels, opérationnels et techniques dont un pays, et/ou ses entités, doit disposer pour mettre au point des mécanismes de marché permettant d’accéder aux financements publics et privés nécessaires à un développement à faibles émissions de carbone. Le document distingue trois catégories de conditions à remplir pour appliquer des mécanismes de marché, axées sur : i) le niveau de préparation technique - identification des émetteurs, suivi, vérification et établissement de registres ; ii) le niveau de préparation opérationnel - fixation d’objectifs clairs, choix des instruments les plus adaptés et répartition des avantages ; et iii) le niveau de préparation institutionnelle et juridique - définition des responsabilités en matière de collecte d’informations sur les émissions, octroi de quotas et de crédits et gestion des questions de conformité aux prescriptions juridiques. Bien que certains de ces éléments soient appelés à évoluer en parallèle, le document suggère une approche en plusieurs étapes dont la première consistera à évaluer le potentiel d’atténuation et à réaliser des études de faisabilité des différents instruments ; le cadre technique sera ensuite défini avant d’en venir au nécessaire cadre juridique et institutionnel puis à la phase finale d’expérimentation, qui donnera lieu à un examen critique. L’établissement des mécanismes de marché existants tels que le SCEQE et le MDP a fourni des précédents sur les écueils, en termes de renforcement des capacités, rencontrés lors du développement d’instruments de marché et sur le temps nécessaire pour les surmonter. Néanmoins, les perspectives pour l’après-2012 allant plutôt dans le sens d’un marché du carbone plus décentralisé et fragmenté, il pourrait être nécessaire d’harmoniser les exigences minimales internationales pour certains des éléments renseignant sur le niveau de préparation d’un marché (MNV et registres de transactions par exemple), et de les développer. Un tel effort d’harmonisation faciliterait en effet l’intégration et l’accès au marché, ainsi que le développement d’un cadre de comptabilité international pour l’après 2012.

Suggested Citation

  • André Aasrud & Richard Baron & Katia Karousakis, 2010. "Market Readiness: Building Blocks for Market Approaches," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2010/3, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaab:2010/3-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k45165zm8f8-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniele Sarri & Stefania Lombardo & Andrea Pagliai & Carolina Perna & Riccardo Lisci & Valentina De Pascale & Marco Rimediotti & Guido Cencini & Marco Vieri, 2020. "Smart Farming Introduction in Wine Farms: A Systematic Review and a New Proposal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-26, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    changement climatique; climate change; finance; financement; gaz à effet de serre; greenhouse gas; low-carbon development; market-based mechanisms; mitigation potential; mécanismes de marché; policy instrument; Politique; potential d'atténuation; stratégies de développement à faible intensité d'émissions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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