IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/elsaad/28-en.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Sweden

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Moïse

    (OECD)

  • Elizabeth Docteur

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swedish pharmaceutical sector, assesses the degree to which Sweden has achieved certain policy goals, and puts forth some key findings and conclusions. Thanks to low mark-ups in the distribution chain and no VAT for prescribed medicines, Sweden's public prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively low, in contrast to average prices received by manufacturers, which are among the highest in Europe. Recent reforms have helped to restrain pharmaceutical expenditure growth, following a period of double digit growth in the 1990s. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita in Sweden is lower than the OECD average. Only five OECD countries devote less of their national income to pharmaceuticals. What limited evidence exists tends to suggest that relatively low pharmaceutical expenditures in Sweden are due to its low public prices, rather than to low levels of consumption. Sweden introduced a new pricing and reimbursement scheme in 2002. Its main features are the use of cost-effectiveness analysis for determining the reimbursement status of new pharmaceuticals and mandatory substitution of the lowest-cost generic alternative. The use of cost-effectiveness analysis in reimbursement decisions helps to relate the reimbursement price paid to the social value of the product, but does not necessarily result in the lowest possible price.The generic substitution policy has enabled Sweden to achieve fairly high penetration of generic drugs into the market in terms of volume, with a considerably low share of the total value of the market. However, the requirement to substitute only the lowest-priced listed drug risks undermining the competitiveness of the generic drug industry... Le présent document passe en revue les différents aspects des politiques et des caractéristiques du marché du secteur pharmaceutique suédois, évalue l'atteinte des objectifs relatifs à la politique pharmaceutique suédoise et formule un certain nombre de constats et de conclusions. Grâce à la faiblesse des marges de distribution et à l'absence de TVA sur les médicaments prescrits sur ordonnance, les prix publics des produits pharmaceutiques sont relativement bas, alors que les prix moyens perçus par les fabricants se situent parmi les plus élevés d'Europe. Les récentes réformes ont contribué à freiner la croissance des dépenses pharmaceutiques, qui avait dépassé 10 % par an durant les années 1990. En Suède, les dépenses de médicaments par habitant sont inférieures à la moyenne des pays de l'OCDE. Seuls cinq pays de l'OCDE y consacrent une part plus faible de leur revenu national. Les éléments d'appréciation peu nombreux disponibles tendent à laisser penser que le niveau relativement peu élevé des dépenses de médicaments en Suède s'explique par le niveau peu élevé des prix publics, plutôt que par la faiblesse de la consommation. La Suède a institué en 2002 un nouveau système de prix et de remboursement qui se caractérise essentiellement par le recours à l'analyse coût-efficacité pour la détermination du niveau de remboursement des nouveautés pharmaceutiques et le remplacement systématique par les génériques les moins onéreux. Le recours à l'analyse coût-efficacité pour l'adoption des décisions en matière de remboursement aide à relier le prix de remboursement à la valeur sociale du produit, mais ne garantit pas que le prix soit le plus bas possible. La politique de substitution des génériques a permis à la Suède d'assurer un taux relativement élevé de pénétration en volume de ces produits sur le marché, alors qu'en valeur, ils ne représentent qu'une part extrêmement réduite du total. Toutefois, l'obligation de remplacer un médicament prescrit par le produit substituable le moins cher risque de compromettre la compétitivité de l'industrie des génériques...

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Moïse & Elizabeth Docteur, 2007. "Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Sweden," OECD Health Working Papers 28, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaad:28-en
    DOI: 10.1787/135870415741
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/135870415741
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1787/135870415741?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Thomas D. Szucs & Martina Weiss & Guido Klaus, 2017. "The enigma of value: in search of affordable and accessible health care," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(6), pages 667-670, July.
    2. Charalabos-Markos Dintsios & Nadja Chernyak, 2022. "How Far is Germany From Value-Based Pricing 10 Years After the Introduction of AMNOG?," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 287-290, May.
    3. Berger, Michael & Pock, Markus & Reiss, Miriam & Röhrling, Gerald & Czypionka, Thomas, 2023. "Exploring the effectiveness of demand-side retail pharmaceutical expenditure reforms: cross-country evidence from weighted-average least squares estimation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 116928, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Melanie Levy, 2022. "The rise of the Swiss regulatory healthcare state: On preserving the just in the quest for the better (or less expensive?)," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(2), pages 427-447, April.
    5. Annie Abello & Sharyn Lymer & Laurie Brown & Ann Harding & Ben Phillips, 2008. "Enhancing the Australian National Health Survey Data for Use in a Microsimulation Model of Pharmaceutical Drug Usage and Cost," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 11(3), pages 1-2.
    6. Pepijn Vemer & Maureen Rutten-van Mölken, 2011. "Largely ignored: the impact of the threshold value for a QALY on the importance of a transferability factor," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 12(5), pages 397-404, October.
    7. Lianne Barnieh & Fiona Clement & Anthony Harris & Marja Blom & Cam Donaldson & Scott Klarenbach & Don Husereau & Diane Lorenzetti & Braden Manns, 2014. "A Systematic Review of Cost-Sharing Strategies Used within Publicly-Funded Drug Plans in Member Countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
    8. Michael Berger & Markus Pock & Miriam Reiss & Gerald Röhrling & Thomas Czypionka, 2023. "Exploring the effectiveness of demand-side retail pharmaceutical expenditure reforms," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 149-172, March.
    9. Nazila Yousefi & Mahyar Polroudi Moghaddam & Gita Afsharmanesh & Farzad Peiravian, 2020. "Evaluation of efficiency enhancement in Iran Health Insurance Organization: a policy brief for pharmaceutical cost containment," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(6), pages 1503-1511, November.
    10. Frank R. Lichtenberg, 2022. "The association between pharmaceutical innovation and both premature mortality and hospital utilization in Switzerland, 1996–2019," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 158(1), pages 1-24, December.
    11. Adrian Levy & Craig Mitton & Karissa Johnston & Brian Harrigan & Andrew Briggs, 2010. "International Comparison of Comparative Effectiveness Research in Five Jurisdictions," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 28(10), pages 813-830, October.
    12. Kanavos, Panos, 2014. "Measuring performance in off-patent drug markets: A methodological framework and empirical evidence from twelve EU Member States," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 229-241.
    13. Greß, Stefan & Klaucke, Lena & Kötting, Cosima & May, Uwe & Wasem, Jürgen, 2008. "Preisregulierung von verschreibungspflichtigen Arzneimitteln in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung nach dem GKV-Wettbewerbsstärkungsgesetz," IBES Diskussionsbeiträge 170, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Business and Economic Studie (IBES).
    14. Omer Ben-Aharon & Oren Shavit & Racheli Magnezi, 2017. "Does drug price-regulation affect healthcare expenditures?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(7), pages 859-867, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    marché pharmaceutique; pharmaceutical market; pharmaceutical policy; politique pharmaceutique; pricing and reimbursement; Suède; Sweden; tarification et remboursement;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oec:elsaad:28-en. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/eloecfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.