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The Impact of Parental Leave Statutes on Maternal Return to Work after Childbirth in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Sandra L. Hofferth

    (University of Maryland)

  • Sally C. Curtin

    (University of Maryland)

Abstract

Although new mothers are more likely than ever to be in the labour force, the time around childbirth is a dynamic one, with women quitting work altogether or changing jobs to accommodate the demands of their infants. The passage of Family and Medical Leave legislation during the 1980s and early 1990s may have altered incentives for employment among mothers of young children. This paper will examine whether the FMLA or prior state-legislated leave packages were associated with changes in the continuity of employment for mothers following childbirth, changes in return to their previous employer, and changes in their post-return versus pre-return earnings. Data come from the 1984-1997 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its 1997 Child Development Supplement. Women who had a child post-FMLA return to work more quickly than those whose child was born prior to the FMLA, controlling for demographic factors and the state economic situation. Women who return are also more likely ... Les mères qui viennent d’avoir un enfant sont plus que jamais susceptibles d’occuper un emploi, mais la période qui précède et qui suit cette naissance est une période d’évolution, certaines femmes arrêtant de travailler ou changeant d’emploi pour mieux concilier leurs obligations professionnelles et maternelles. Il se peut que la promulgation de la législation sur les congés de maladie et les congés pour raison familiale (Family and Medical Leave Act, FMLA) pendant les années 1980 et au début des années 1990 ait eu une incidence sur les incitations à travailler des mères de jeunes enfants. Ce document s’efforce de determiner si la FMLA ou les dispositions relatives aux congés adoptées antérieurement par les Etats ont induit des changements dans la continuité de l’emploi des mères après une naissance, leur retour auprès de leur précédent employeur et leur rémunération avant et après leur retour au travail. Les données sont tirées des séries recueillies de 1984 à 1997 dans le cadre du …

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra L. Hofferth & Sally C. Curtin, 2003. "The Impact of Parental Leave Statutes on Maternal Return to Work after Childbirth in the United States," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 7, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:7-en
    DOI: 10.1787/826588878522
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    Cited by:

    1. Dominic Richardson & UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, 2018. "Key Findings on Families, Family Policy and the Sustainable Development Goals: Synthesis Report," Papers inorer948, Innocenti Research Report.
    2. Tatiana Karabchuk, 2016. "The subjective well-being of women in Europe: children, work and employment protection legislation," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 15(2), pages 219-245, November.
    3. Fazeer Rahim, 2014. "Work-family attitudes and career interruptions due to childbirth," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 177-205, March.
    4. Angela Cipollone & Carlo D'Ippoliti, 2009. "Women's Employment: Beyond Individual Characteristics vs. Contextual Factors Explanations," Working Papers CELEG 0901, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, LUISS Guido Carli.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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