IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/elsaab/139-en.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Flexicurity and the Economic Crisis 2008-2009: Evidence from Denmark

Author

Listed:
  • Tor Eriksson

    (Aarhus University)

Abstract

A key feature of the Danish labour market is its so-called flexicurity, the coexistence of flexibility (low adjustment costs for both employers and employees) and security (owing to a developed social safety net with high coverage and high replacement ratios). This is often believed to have contributed to the resilience of the Danish labour market and especially to its ability to maintain a low and stable unemployment rate. The aim of this paper is to examine the performance of the flexicurity system and changes therein during the previous three decades, including the first years of the Great Recession. We carry out two types of analyses: at the levels of establishments and employees, respectively. First, we use linked employer-employee data for the private sector to examine how labour demand responds to output shocks by a study of firms’ labour adjustment behaviour during economic upturns and downturns. Second, based on the same data set we examine how the flexicurity system protects workers from income losses associated with job losses due to plant closures or major lay-offs. In particular, we are interested in how the transformation of the flexicurity system since the mid-nineties to increasingly emphasise activation and to reduce maximum unemployment benefit durations has changed employees’ security in case of displacement. We document large worker flows that exhibit strong cyclical variation giving rise to volatile unemployment dynamics. External flexibility of firms has remained unchanged for almost three decades. While we find no clear traces of trend changes in employers’ labour adjustment behaviour, we do find that income losses of displaced workers have declined over time, mainly due to their faster re-employment. Although it is still early days to conclude with certainty, there are so far no strong indications of the reemergence of unemployment hysteresis to the same extent as in previous recessions. Une des principales caractéristiques du marché du travail danois est définie par ce qu’on appelle la flexicurité, coexistence de flexibilité (faibles coûts d'ajustement pour les employeurs et les employés) et de sécurité (en raison d'un filet de sécurité sociale mis au point avec une couverture élevée et des taux de remplacement élevés). On estime souvent que cela a contribué à la bonne tenue du marché du travail danois et spécialement à sa capacité à maintenir un taux de chômage faible et stable. L’objectif de cet article est d'examiner la performance du système de flexicurité et ses évolutions survenues au cours des trois dernières décennies, y compris les premières années de la Grande Récession. Nous réalisons deux types d'analyses: au niveau des établissements et des salariés, respectivement. Tout d'abord, nous utilisons des données appariées employeurs-salariés pour le secteur privé afin d'examiner la façon dont la demande de travail réagit aux chocs de production en étudiant le comportement des entreprises en termes d’ajustement du facteur travail en période de reprise et de ralentissement économique. En second lieu, sur la base des mêmes données, nous examinons comment le système de flexicurité protège les travailleurs contre des pertes de revenus liées a des pertes d'emplois consécutifs à des fermetures d'entreprises ou des licenciements massifs. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont la transformation du système de flexicurité depuis le milieu des années 90, en mettant plus fortement l'accent sur l'activation et en réduisant la durée maximale de versement des prestations de chômage a modifié la sécurité des salariés en cas de suppressions d’emploi. Nous documentons les larges flux de travailleurs présentants de fortes variations au cycle et qui sont à l’origine d’une dynamique volatile du chômage. La flexibilité « externe » des entreprises est restée inchangée depuis près de trois décennies. Bien que nous ne trouvons aucun indice manifeste de changements de tendance dans le comportement des employeurs en termes d’ajustement de la main-d’oeuvre, nous constatons néanmoins que les pertes de revenu des travailleurs victimes de suppressions d’emplois ont diminué au fil du temps, principalement en raison de leur rapide retour à l'emploi. Bien qu'il soit encore trop tôt pour conclure avec certitude, il n’existe à ce jour aucune indication claire de la réémergence de l'hystérésis du chômage de même ampleur que lors des récessions précédentes. DELSA/ELSA

Suggested Citation

  • Tor Eriksson, 2012. "Flexicurity and the Economic Crisis 2008-2009: Evidence from Denmark," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 139, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:139-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k8x7gw8btq6-en
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/5k8x7gw8btq6-en
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1787/5k8x7gw8btq6-en?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Andrew B. Bernard & Valerie Smeets & Frederic Warzynski, 2017. "Rethinking deindustrialization," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(89), pages 5-38.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    earnings losses; flexicurity; hires and separations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • J63 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:139-en. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/eloecfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.