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How Technology Changes Demands for Human Skills

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  • Frank Levy

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

This paper places the competencies to be measured by the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) in the context of the technological developments which are reshaping the nature of the workplace and work in the 21st century. The largest technological force currently shaping work is the computer. Computers are faster and less expensive than people in performing some workplace tasks and much weaker than people in performing other tasks. On the basis of an understanding of the kinds of work computers do well, it is possible to describe the work that will remain for people in the future, the skills that work requires and the way that computers can assist people in performing that work. The paper argues that a technology-rich workplace requires foundational skills including numeracy and literacy (both to be tested in PIAAC), advanced problem-solving skills or Expert Thinking (similar to the construct of Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments to be tested in PIAAC) and advanced communication skills or Complex Communication (not being tested in PIAAC). Ce document situe les compétences qui seront mesurées dans le cadre du programme de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC) dans le contexte des avancées technologiques qui redessinent la nature du travail et le lieu où il est effectué au 21ème siècle. La plus grande force technologique qui actuellement façonne le travail est l’ordinateur. Les ordinateurs sont plus rapides et moins onéreux que les individus dans certaines tâches sur le lieu de travail, mais bien moins performants que les personnes dans l’accomplissement d’autres tâches. Si l’on considère que l’on peut identifier les types de travaux que les ordinateurs remplissent correctement, il est alors possible de décrire ceux qui seront de la responsabilité des individus dans le futur ainsi que les compétentes que ces travaux nécessitent, et la façon dont les ordinateurs peuvent assister les individus à les accomplir. L’argument contenu dans le document est qu’un lieu de travail hautement technologique nécessite des aptitudes fondamentales telles que le calcul et la compréhension de textes (qui seront tous deux testés dans le PIAAC), des compétences avancées à résoudre des problèmes ou Expert Thinking (similaires à l’aptitude à résoudre des problèmes dans un environnement hautement technologique qui sera testée dans le PIAAC) et des compétences avancées en communication ou Complex Communication (non testées dans le PIAAC).

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Levy, 2010. "How Technology Changes Demands for Human Skills," OECD Education Working Papers 45, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:45-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmhds6czqzq-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Humburg, M. & van der Velden, R.K.W., 2013. "What is expected of higher education graduates in the 21st century?," ROA Research Memorandum 013, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    2. Shepherd, Steven & Kay, Aaron C. & Gray, Kurt, 2019. "Military veterans are morally typecast as agentic but unfeeling: Implications for veteran employment," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 75-88.
    3. Jun-You Lin & Chih-Hai Yang, 2020. "Heterogeneity in industry–university R&D collaboration and firm innovative performance," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 124(1), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Bos, J.W.B. & Van der Molen, M., 2012. "A bitter brew? Futures speculation and commodity prices," Research Memorandum 044, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    5. Allen, J.P. & van der Velden, R.K.W., 2012. "Skills for the 21st century: implications for education," ROA Research Memorandum 11, Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).
    6. Natalia Shmatko, 2013. "Graduates’ Competencies For The Innovation Labour Market," HSE Working papers WP BRP 13/STI/2013, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    7. Natalia Shmatko, 2012. "Competences of Engineers. Evidence from a Comparative Study for Russia and EU Countries," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 6(4), pages 32-47.
    8. Caroline Bayart & Sandra Bertezene & David Vallat, 2013. "Les "serious games" : des leviers en faveur du knowledge management," Working Papers hal-00846779, HAL.
    9. Kerstin Hotte & Melline Somers & Angelos Theodorakopoulos, 2022. "Technology and jobs: A systematic literature review," Papers 2204.01296, arXiv.org.

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