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Migration in Ireland: Challenges, opportunities and policies

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  • Alberto González Pandiella

    (OECD)

Abstract

The Irish labour market is exceptionally open to international migration flows, thus making labour supply highly responsive to changes in cyclical conditions. Immigration provides the skills that the Irish economy needs. The crisis triggered a sharp reversal in migration flows, with immigration suddenly halting and emigration increasing. A large proportion of emigration is highly qualified, as is a high proportion of immigration. This pattern of “brain exchange” can contribute to reducing skills mismatches, but also raises the challenge of remaining attractive for skilled workers. This paper examines how the crisis has affected migration, how related policies have evolved and proposes avenues to spread the benefits of migration beyond the scope of multinational enterprises, in particular to Irish SMEs. The proportion of Irish-born population living abroad is very large and the paper also analyses what role return migration could play, what policies are in place to maintain links with emigrant’s communities abroad and how they can be strengthened. Ireland has recently experienced, for the first time in its history, large-scale immigration. As a result, it currently hosts a large and very heterogeneous immigrant community, with diverging challenges and needs. Getting integration policies right is therefore a complex, but crucial task. The paper identifies what are the key challenges in this area and proposes some avenues to foster the labour market integration of immigrants. Ireland is also starting to experience challenges associated with the integration of second generation immigrants. To respond to those challenges, the paper recommends early action in education and social domains. Migration en Irlande : Défis, opportunités et politiques Le marché du travail irlandais est exceptionnellement ouvert au flux migratoires internationaux, rendant ainsi l'offre de main-d'oeuvre hautement sensible aux changements de conditions cycliques. Immigration fournit les compétences que l'économie irlandaise a besoin. La crise a déclenché une forte inversion des flux migratoires. L'immigration a soudainement arrêté et l'émigration a augmentée. Une grande partie de l'émigration est hautement qualifié. Une forte proportion de l'immigration est aussi hautement qualifiée. Ce modèle de «l'échange des cerveaux» peut contribuer à réduire l'inadéquation des compétences, mais soulève aussi le défi de rester attractif pour les travailleurs qualifiés. Ce document examine comment la crise a affecté la migration, comment les politiques connexes ont évolué et propose des pistes d'étendre les avantages de la migration au-delà de la portée des entreprises multinationales, en particulier aux PME irlandaises. La proportion de la population d'origine irlandaise vivant à l'étranger est très grande et le document analyse aussi le rôle que la migration de retour pourrait jouer, que politiques sont en place pour maintenir des liens avec les communautés à l'étranger et comment ils peuvent être renforcés. L'Irlande a connu récemment, pour la première fois de son histoire, l'immigration à grande échelle. En conséquence, il accueille actuellement une communauté d'immigrants vaste et très hétérogène, avec des défis et des besoins divergents. Obtenir les politiques d'intégration est donc juste une tâche complexe, mais crucial. Le document identifie quels sont les principaux défis dans ce domaine et propose quelques pistes pour favoriser l'intégration des immigrants au marché du travail. L'Irlande est également commence à éprouver des difficultés liées à l'intégration des immigrants de deuxième génération. Pour répondre à ces défis, le document recommande une action précoce dans l'éducation et les domaines sociaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto González Pandiella, 2016. "Migration in Ireland: Challenges, opportunities and policies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1292, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1292-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm0s94jzx5j-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Redmond, Paul & Whelan, Adele, 2017. "Educational Attainment and Skill Utilization in the Irish Labour Market: An EU Comparison," Quarterly Economic Commentary: Special Articles, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    2. McQuinn, Kieran & O'Toole, Conor & Economides, Philip & Monteiro, Teresa, 2017. "Quarterly Economic Commentary, Winter 2017," Forecasting Report, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number QEC20174, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    immigration; immigration; integration; intégration; labour market; marché du travail; migration; migration; migration de retour; return migration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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