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Distribution and Growth in Latin America in an Era of Structural Reform: The Impact of Globalisation

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  • Samuel A. Morley

Abstract

Latin America has long had the most unequally distributed income in the world because of land ownership patterns, development and education policies and demography, which have swelled the supply of unskilled labour and demand for skilled workers, leading to widening inequality. Import substitution produced high growth but also high inequality and led to a debt crisis. But globalisation reforms in the 1990s did not reduce inequality and sometimes increased it. Now, because of poor export performance, the priority is the tricky problem of how to boost the growth rate. The aim should be to absorb as much of the region’s excess of unskilled labour as possible, especially through construction and agriculture. Growth with equity should also focus on supporting and investing in backward regions. But the long-term key is education, which will narrow skill differentials, reduce inequality and increase the growth rate ... L’Amérique latine a longtemps été caractérisée par la répartition des revenus la plus inégalitaire au monde. Celle-ci résultait en particulier de la structure de la propriété foncière, des politiques de développement et d’éducation, ainsi que de la démographie qui ont gonflé l’offre de main-d’œuvre non qualifiée et la demande de compétences, creusant ainsi les inégalités. Les politiques de substitution aux importations ont créé de la croissance, mais aussi de grandes inégalités, et elles ont provoqué la crise de la dette. Toutefois, les réformes de globalisation des années 90 n’ont pas réduit ces inégalités et les ont même parfois exacerbées. Désormais, compte tenu des médiocres résultats à l’exportation, la priorité revient au problème ardu de comment relancer la croissance ? Il faudrait absorber autant que possible l’excès de main-d’œuvre non qualifiée, en particulier grâce aux secteurs du BTP et de l’agriculture. Une croissance dans l’équité devrait aussi se préoccuper d’aider ...

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel A. Morley, 2001. "Distribution and Growth in Latin America in an Era of Structural Reform: The Impact of Globalisation," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 184, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:184-en
    DOI: 10.1787/632187765702
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    Cited by:

    1. Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Policy Coherence for Development : A Background paper on Foreign Direct Investment," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01065640, HAL.
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Berry, R. Albert, 2001. "Policy response to poverty and inequality in the developing world: where should the priorities lie?," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 33125, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    5. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Leopoldo TORNAROLLI & Matías CIASCHI & Luciana GALEANO, 2018. "Income Distribution in Latin America. The Evolution in the Last 20 Years: A Global Approach," Working Paper 0b1f0e35-82be-4853-8fac-2, Agence française de développement.
    7. Gerald A. McDermott & Héctor O. Rocha, 2010. "Clusters And Upgrading: A Purposeful Approach," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 1(1).
    8. Hector Rocha & Raymond Miles, 2009. "A Model of Collaborative Entrepreneurship for a More Humanistic Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 445-462, September.
    9. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Sarah BOTTON & Patricia Urquieta, 2020. "An Overview of Inequalities in Urban Water Services in Bolivia," Working Paper 2b5cbca7-2216-4bfd-af60-5, Agence française de développement.

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