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Biotechnology and Sustainable Agriculture: Lessons from India

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  • Ghayur Alam

Abstract

India's self-sufficiency in food production has been achieved by the adoption of chemicals-intensive farming methods which have contributed to serious deterioration of the environment. New evironmentally-friendly technologies, which maintain (or increase) current levels of productivity, are needed if the use of chemical inputs is to be reduced. This study examines the development and diffusion of biotechnologies in India, with respect to both products derived from conventional biological methods and those using the more advanced techniques of molecular biology.Thus far, the contribution of available biofertilisers and biopesticides to reduced use of agro-chemicals is marginal, due to the vicious circle created by problems of supply as well as demand. By and large, biofertilisers and biopesticides are being produced on a small scale, using inefficient technologies. Inconsistent quality and poor performance thus combine to limit demand and their acceptance by farmers which, in ... L'Inde est parvenue à l'autosuffisance alimentaire en adoptant des méthodes de culture à forte utilisation de produits chimiques. Ceux-ci ont gravement détérioré l'environnement. Limiter le recours aux engrais chimiques implique des technologies nouvelles moins dommageables, capables néanmoins de maintenir ou d'augmenter les niveaux actuels de productivité. Cette étude examine le développement et la diffusion des biotechnologies en Inde en se référant à la fois aux produits issus des méthodes biologiques conventionnelles et à ceux utilisant les techniques de pointe de la biologie moléculaire.Jusqu'à maintenant, l'utilisation des fertilisants et des pesticides biologiques qui permettent de réduire l'emploi des engrais chimiques est marginale à cause du cercle vicieux que posent les problèmes de l'offre et de la demande. D'une manière générale, les fertilisants et les pesticides biologiques ne sont fabriqués qu'en petite quantité et avec des technologies peu efficaces. L'absence ...

Suggested Citation

  • Ghayur Alam, 1994. "Biotechnology and Sustainable Agriculture: Lessons from India," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 103, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:103-en
    DOI: 10.1787/711068780307
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    Cited by:

    1. Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Policy Coherence for Development : A Background paper on Foreign Direct Investment," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01065640, HAL.
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Yudelman, Montague & Ratta, Annu & Nygaard, David, 1998. "Pest management and food production: looking to the future," 2020 vision discussion papers 25, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    7. Birthal, Pratap S., 2003. "Economic Potential of Biological Substitutes for Agrochemicals," Policy Papers 344974, ICAR National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP).

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