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Trade-related measures linked to the environmental sustainability of agriculture: A stocktake and typology

Author

Listed:
  • Clara Frezal
  • Annelies Deuss

Abstract

This report takes stock of trade-related measures to address environmental issues related to agriculture in OECD Member countries and develops a typology to categorise them, thereby increasing transparency on the range of measures used and facilitating their comparison. A total of 130 measures applied or approved in 15 OECD Member countries and the European Union between 1997 and 2024 were identified. Over half of these measures were introduced between 2020 and 2024. Most identified measures are ‘environment-related provisions’ in regional trade agreements (RTAs) with linkages to agriculture. A few measures are ‘environmental trade preferences’ for agricultural products as part of RTAs, conditional on demonstrating environmentally sustainable production. The rest are ‘environmental market access’ measures contained in national regulatory frameworks, making agricultural products’ eligibility to government programmes or their access to markets conditional on meeting environmental requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Clara Frezal & Annelies Deuss, 2025. "Trade-related measures linked to the environmental sustainability of agriculture: A stocktake and typology," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 216, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:agraaa:216-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Market access;

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q27 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Issues in International Trade

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