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Hubs and Spokes, and Free Trade in the Americas

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  • Carsten Kowalczyk
  • Ronald J. Wonnacott

Abstract

This paper compares two possible formats for free trade in the Americas: a system of spokes surrounding a U.S. hub, and a free trade area. The paper identifies the sources of welfare change, and it argues that a country's attitude towards a system depends on whether the arrangement is a complement or a substitute trading club. The paper argues also that rent-seeking activities, and costs of administration and transportation, are likely to be higher in a hub-and-spoke system than in a free trade area.

Suggested Citation

  • Carsten Kowalczyk & Ronald J. Wonnacott, 1992. "Hubs and Spokes, and Free Trade in the Americas," NBER Working Papers 4198, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:4198
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    1. Ronald J. Wonnacott, 1975. "Canada's Future in a World of Trade Blocs: A Proposal," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 1(1), pages 118-130, Winter.
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    4. Ronald J. Wonnacott, 1982. "Controlling Trade and Foreign Investment in the Canadian Economy: Some Proposals," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 15(4), pages 567-585, November.
    5. Franz Gehrels, 1956. "Customs Union from a Single-Country Viewpoint," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 24(1), pages 61-64.
    6. Carsten Kowalczyk, 1990. "Welfare and Customs Unions," NBER Working Papers 3476, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ronald J. Wonnacott, 1996. "Trade and Investment in a Hub-and-Spoke System Versus a Free Trade Area," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 237-252, May.
    2. George Deltas & Klaus Desmet & Giovanni Facchini, 2012. "Hub‐and‐spoke free trade areas: theory and evidence from Israel," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(3), pages 942-977, August.
    3. Kevin Gallagher, 2011. "Trading Away Stability and Growth: United States Trade Agreements in Latin America," Working Papers wp266, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    4. Jong Hee Park & Byung Koo Kim, 2020. "Why your neighbor matters: Positions in preferential trade agreement networks and export growth in global value chains," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 381-410, November.
    5. Stibora, Joachim & de Vaal, Albert, 2006. "Hub and spoke bilateralism and the global income distribution," Economics Discussion Papers 2006-7, School of Economics, Kingston University London.
    6. Carolina Rojas Sánchez & Álvaro Pío Gómez Olaya2, 2018. "Los acuerdos comerciales bilaterales: el caso Colombiano (1990-2015)," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 37(65), pages 114-156, February.
    7. Hur, Jung & Alba, Joseph D. & Park, Donghyun, 2010. "Effects of Hub-and-Spoke Free Trade Agreements on Trade: A Panel Data Analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 1105-1113, August.
    8. Furusawa, Taiji & Konishi, Hideo, 2007. "Free trade networks," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 310-335, July.
    9. Hideo Konishi & Carsten Kowalczyk & Tomas Sjostrom, 2003. "Free Trade, Customs Unions, and Transfers," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 568, Boston College Department of Economics.
    10. Carsten Kowalczyk & Raymond Riezman, 2013. "Trade Agreements," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Daniel Bernhofen & Rod Falvey & David Greenaway & Udo Kreickemeier (ed.), Palgrave Handbook of International Trade, chapter 13, pages 367-388, Palgrave Macmillan.
    11. Jiyun Cao, 2015. "The Consideration Of Hub-And-Spoke Status In Fta Formation," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(4), pages 382-392, October.
    12. Hiroshi Mukunoki & Kentaro Tachi, 2006. "Multilateralism and Hub‐and‐Spoke Bilateralism," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(4), pages 658-674, September.
    13. Hoekman, Bernard & Djankov, Simeon, 1997. "Effective protection and investment incentives in Egypt and Jordan during the transition to free trade With Europe," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 281-291, February.
    14. Puga, Diego & Venables, Anthony J., 1997. "Preferential trading arrangements and industrial location," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3-4), pages 347-368, November.
    15. Halis Murat Yildiz, 2014. "Hub and spoke trade agreements under oligopoly with asymmetric costs," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 97-110, February.
    16. Teteryatnikova, Mariya, 2018. "R&D in trade networks: The role of asymmetry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 307-350.
    17. Jinsoo Park, 2015. "Korea’s linkage strategy between FTA hub policy and middle power leadership in regional economic integration," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 379-394, December.
    18. Soo Yuen Chong & Jung Hur, 2007. "Overlapping Free Trade Agreements of Singapore-USA-Japan : A Computational Analysis," Trade Working Papers 21931, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    19. Desmet, Klaus & Facchini, Giovanni & Deltas, George, 2006. "Hub-and-Spoke Free Trade Areas," CEPR Discussion Papers 5960, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    20. Bond, Eric W. & Syropoulos, Constantinos, 1996. "The size of trading blocs Market power and world welfare effects," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3-4), pages 411-437, May.
    21. Ronald J. Wonnacott, 2011. "Preferential Liberalisation in a Hub-and-Spoke Configuration versus a Free Trade Area," Chapters, in: Miroslav N. Jovanović (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Integration, Volume I, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    22. Teteryatnikova, Mariya, 2008. "R&D in the network of international trade: Multilateral versus regional trade agreements," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2009-03, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    23. Pasadilla, Gloria, 2004. "East Asian Cooperation: The ASEAN View," Discussion Papers DP 2004-27, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    24. Souleymane COULIBALY, 2006. "Persistent Uneven Spread of Economic Activities within Developing RIAs," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'économie 06.01, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, Département d’économie.
    25. Iván Martín, 2004. "La inversión extranjera directa en los países del Maghreb en el marco de la Asociación Euromediterránea: ¿el eslabón perdido?," International Trade 0405001, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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