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The Rise of Healthcare Jobs

Author

Listed:
  • Joshua D. Gottlieb
  • Neale Mahoney
  • Kevin Rinz
  • Victoria Udalova

Abstract

Healthcare employment has grown more than twice as fast as the labor force since 1980, overtaking retail trade to become the largest industry by employment in 2009. We document key facts about the rise of healthcare jobs. Earnings for healthcare workers have risen nearly twice as fast as those in other industries, with relatively large increases in the middle and upper-middle parts of the earnings distribution. Healthcare workers have remained predominantly female, with increases in the share of female doctors offsetting increases in the shares of male nurses and aides. Despite a few high-profile examples to the contrary, regions experiencing manufacturing job losses have not systematically reinvented themselves by pivoting from ``manufacturing to meds.''

Suggested Citation

  • Joshua D. Gottlieb & Neale Mahoney & Kevin Rinz & Victoria Udalova, 2025. "The Rise of Healthcare Jobs," NBER Working Papers 33583, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33583
    Note: AG EH LS
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J44 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations

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