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Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring, Cognitive Outcomes, and Soft Skills

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  • Michela Carlana
  • Eliana La Ferrara

Abstract

We study the Tutoring Online Program (TOP), where: (i) tutoring is entirely online; (ii) tutors are volunteer university students, matched with underprivileged middle school students. We leverage random assignment to estimate effects during and after the pandemic (2020 and 2022), investigating channels of impact. Three hours of individual tutoring per week increased math performance by 0.23 SD in 2020 and 0.20 SD in 2022. Higher-dosage yielded stronger effects, while group tutoring smaller effects. TOP enhanced students’ aspirations, socio-emotional skills and psychological well-being, but only during school closures. We also estimate the impact of TOP on tutors, finding increases in empathy.

Suggested Citation

  • Michela Carlana & Eliana La Ferrara, 2024. "Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring, Cognitive Outcomes, and Soft Skills," NBER Working Papers 32272, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32272
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality

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