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Rise of Bank Competition: Evidence from Banking Deregulation in China

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  • Haoyu Gao
  • Hong Ru
  • Robert Townsend
  • Xiaoguang Yang

Abstract

Using comprehensive loan-level data in China, we investigate how the deregulation on bank entry barriers alters local banking industrial organisation and its economic consequences. We document a novel trade-off: the potential benefits of deregulation are adversely mitigated by entrant banks’ preferences for lending to SOEs over more productive private firms. This credit misallocation accounts for 0.25% of GDP losses and is mainly due to SOEs’ soft budget constraints. Private firms need to provide more guarantees and higher ratings to borrow from entrant banks but enjoy lower interest rates. Access to these loans increases private firms’ investment, employment, profit, and ROA.

Suggested Citation

  • Haoyu Gao & Hong Ru & Robert Townsend & Xiaoguang Yang, 2019. "Rise of Bank Competition: Evidence from Banking Deregulation in China," NBER Working Papers 25795, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25795
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    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • L50 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - General
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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