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A Fresh Look at an Old Question: Is Pro-Poor Targeting of Cash Transfers More Effective Than Universal Systems at Reducing Inequality and Poverty?

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  • Abigail McKnight

Abstract

This paper presents findings on the changing effectiveness of cash transfers and income taxes on inequality and poverty reduction in four EU countries – the UK, Italy, Sweden and France. We use long time series (spanning four decades) to examine trends within countries over time and between countries at different points in time. Recent evidence has suggested that the relationship between concentration of cash transfers and their redistributive effectiveness has become blurred over time. We find much more conclusive evidence of a negative relationship within countries over time. The results show a negative relationship between the concentration of cash transfers net of direct taxes and their effectiveness in terms of reducing poverty and inequality. The strength of the relationship varies between countries and in some cases between the all age and the working age populations. The evidence suggests that caution should be applied to relying on bivariate cross-country estimates and that more should be done to establish and verify empirical relationships within countries over time using the rich data sources that are now available. These findings re-open the debate on the most effective design of cash transfer and direct tax systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Abigail McKnight, 2015. "A Fresh Look at an Old Question: Is Pro-Poor Targeting of Cash Transfers More Effective Than Universal Systems at Reducing Inequality and Poverty?," LIS Working papers 640, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:640
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    10. repec:cep:sticas:/180 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Elena Bárcena-Martín & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana & Salvador Pérez-Moreno, 2017. "Dynamics of child poverty in the European countries," Working Papers 437, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    2. Munoz de Bustillo Llorente Rafael & FERNANDEZ MACIAS Enrique & GONZALEZ VAZQUEZ Ignacio, 2020. "Universality in Social Protection: An Inquiry about its Meaning and Measurement," JRC Research Reports JRC122953, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Ben Spies-Butcher & Ben Phillips & Troy Henderson, 2020. "Between universalism and targeting: Exploring policy pathways for an Australian Basic Income," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(4), pages 502-523, December.
    4. Xabier Garcia-Fuente, 2021. "The Paradox of Redistribution in Time. Social Spending in 53 Countries, 1967-2018," LIS Working papers 815, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    5. Mr. David Coady & Devin D'Angelo & Brooks Evans, 2019. "Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare," IMF Working Papers 2019/051, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Coady, David & D’Angelo, Devin & Evans, Brooks, 2020. "Fiscal redistribution and social welfare: doing more or more to do?," EUROMOD Working Papers EM10/20, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    7. David Coady, 2023. "In Search of a Paradox of Redistribution Analysis of Fiscal Redistribution in High-Income Countries," LIS Working papers 871, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inequality; poverty; redistribution; cash transfers; welfare;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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