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La réforme des retraites de 1993 en France : quel impact sur l’équivalent patrimonial des droits à la retraite ?

Author

Listed:
  • Anne LAVIGNE
  • Christophe DANIEL
  • Jesus Herell NZE-OBAME
  • Christian Rodrigue TAGNE
  • Bruno SEJOURNE
  • Stéphane MOTTET

Abstract

Depuis 1993, la France a enregistré plusieurs réformes de son système de retraites, visant avant tout à en assurer la soutenabilité. Cette contribution a pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de la réforme de 1993 sur l'équivalent patrimonial des droits individuels à la retraite (EPDR), c'est-à-dire la somme actuarielle probable des pensions à recevoir, de la date de liquidation des droits jusqu'au décès. Plus précisément, nous mesurons l'impact de cette réforme sur l'EPDR des mono-pensionnés du régime général, à l'aide des données de l'Echantillon Interrégimes de Retraités 2008. Parmi les mesures phares de la réforme de 1993 figure l'augmentation progressive de la durée de cotisation nécessaire pour obtenir une retraite à taux plein au régime général. Cette augmentation est susceptible d'engendrer deux effets opposés : un effet de report de l'âge de liquidation pour conserver un EPDR adéquat pour ses vieux jours (voire l'augmenter) ou un effet de décote, si l'assuré-e ne souhaite, ou ne peut, pas prolonger son activité et subit donc une décote sur sa pension, et partant sur son EPDR. Pour tester les effets nets de la réforme de 1993 sur l'EPDR, nous procédons à des estimations économétriques en différences premières et en doubles différences, ainsi qu'à des estimations par quantiles pour mesurer les impacts le long de la distribution de l'EPDR. Nos estimations montrent des résultats différents selon que les individus partent avant ou après 2004, date d'entrée en vigueur de la réforme. Ainsi, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, un départ en retraite avant 2004 plutôt que postérieurement, augmente l'EPDR des retraités concernés. Toutefois, l'interaction avec les autres variables nuance cette conclusion. D'une part, reporter son départ en retraite réduit l'EPDR moyen d'environ 20% : le report permet d'accumuler des droits supplémentaires, mais sur une période réduite. D'autre part, l'effet de la décote est négatif, mais son intensité est réduite quand les retraités reporten
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Anne LAVIGNE & Christophe DANIEL & Jesus Herell NZE-OBAME & Christian Rodrigue TAGNE & Bruno SEJOURNE & Stéphane MOTTET, 2016. "La réforme des retraites de 1993 en France : quel impact sur l’équivalent patrimonial des droits à la retraite ?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2337, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    • Handle: RePEc:leo:wpaper:2337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward Whitehouse & Anna D'Addio & Rafal Chomik & Andrew Reilly, 2009. "Two Decades of Pension Reform: What has been Achieved and What Remains to be Done?," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 34(4), pages 515-535, October.
    2. Edward Whitehouse, 2007. "Life-Expectancy Risk and Pensions: Who Bears the Burden?," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 60, OECD Publishing.
    3. repec:cep:sticas:/161 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Grech, Aaron George, 2013. "How best to measure pension adequacy," MPRA Paper 46126, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Grech, Aaron George, 2012. "Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on future living standards in Europe," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 51296, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. repec:cep:sticas:/172 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Shane Frederick & George Loewenstein & Ted O'Donoghue, 2002. "Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 40(2), pages 351-401, June.
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    1. Christophe DANIEL & Anne LAVIGNE & Stéphane MOTTET & Jesus Herell NZE-OBAME & Bruno SEJOURNE & Christian Rodrigue TAGNE, 2016. "L’équivalent patrimonial des droits à la Retraite en France : une approche par caisse de retraite sur données de l’EIR 2012," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2352, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.

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