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The Effect of Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) on Bank Lending during the Euro Area Crisis

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  • Stephen G. Hall
  • Heather D. Gibson
  • Pavlos Petroulas
  • George S. Tavlas

Abstract

We examine the impact of Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) on bank lending in eleven euro area countries. With the intensification of the financial crisis, ELA came to take on an almost systemic role in some countries (notably Greece), with either the whole or large parts of national banking systems depending on it. Despite this crucial role, assessments of the quantitative impact of ELA in the literature are non-existent. This paper aims to fill this gap. We estimate a structural panel model for the determination of bank lending, which includes the amount of ELA received by each bank, allowing us to investigate the direct effect of ELA on bank lending. Our model corrects a key mis-specification found in the prototype model used in the literature on bank lending. We then undertake a VAR analysis, which allows us to address the effect of ELA on GDP. Finally, we examine spillover effects among banks. Our results suggest that the provision of ELA generated positive spillovers to other banks.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen G. Hall & Heather D. Gibson & Pavlos Petroulas & George S. Tavlas, 2019. "The Effect of Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) on Bank Lending during the Euro Area Crisis," Discussion Papers in Economics 19/01, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
    • Handle: RePEc:lec:leecon:19/01
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    Cited by:

    1. Heather D. Gibson & Stephen G. Hall & Pavlos Petroulas & George S. Tavlas, 2019. "On the Effects of the ECB’s Funding Policies on Bank Lending and the Demand for the Euro as an International Reserve," GRU Working Paper Series GRU_2019_014, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, Global Research Unit.
    2. George Economides & Dimitris Papageorgiou & Apostolis Philippopoulos, 2021. "Austerity, Assistance and Institutions: Lessons from the Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 435-478, July.
    3. Gibson, Heather D. & Hall, Stephen G. & Petroulas, Pavlos & Tavlas, George S., 2020. "On the effects of the ECB’s funding policies on bank lending," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Eleftheria Kostika & Nikiforos T. Laopodis, 2022. "Assessing the effectiveness of the emergency liquidity assistance tool in the euro area," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 4142-4153, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Euro area financial crisis; Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA); European banks; spatial panel model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E3 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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