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Time on the Crossing: Emigrant Voyages across the Atlantic, 1853 to 1913

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  • Hatton, Timothy J.

    (University of Essex)

Abstract

I provide a new series of the average duration of emigrant voyages from Liverpool to New York from 1853 to 1913. Time on the crossing fell by 80 percent, from about 40 days to just eight, most of which occurred in the first two decades and was associated with the transition from sail to steam. The standard deviation of voyage durations also dramatically decreased. Although average transatlantic fares did not fall, if foregone earnings during the voyage are included, the total cost declined until the early 1900s, and especially so when measured in terms of the number of week's work.

Suggested Citation

  • Hatton, Timothy J., 2023. "Time on the Crossing: Emigrant Voyages across the Atlantic, 1853 to 1913," IZA Discussion Papers 16274, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16274
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Killick, 2014. "Transatlantic steerage fares, British and Irish migration, and return migration, 1815–60," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 67(1), pages 170-191, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hatton, Timothy J., 2023. "Emigrant Voyages from the UK to North America and Australasia, 1853-1913," IZA Discussion Papers 16281, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    voyage times; transatlantic migration; steam ships;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • N73 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Europe: Pre-1913

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