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Changing Social Investment Strategies in the EU

Author

Listed:
  • Sara Baiocco

    (European Commission – JRC)

  • Cinzia Alcidi

    (Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS))

  • Francesco Corti

    (University of Milan; Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS))

  • Mattia Di Salvo

    (Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS))

Abstract

This article attempts to identify social investment strategies across EU countries and explain their evolution over the period 2004-18, by using cluster analysis on expenditure and coverage variables and qualitative analysis on selected policy areas to contextualize the results. It finds that strategies have diversified over time in a progressively complex way. After the financial crisis, three main social investment strategies emerge in Europe. They do not overlap with canonical welfare state models, nor have a clear-cut geographical connotation. The strategies are distinct because of their different levels of overall expenditure on social investment but, over time, also by their different life-course orientations. Significant variation within the clusters, in terms of both expenditure and design of social investment policies, indicates that fully-fledged strategies have not yet formed in well-defined groups of countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Baiocco & Cinzia Alcidi & Francesco Corti & Mattia Di Salvo, 2022. "Changing Social Investment Strategies in the EU," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2022-01, Joint Research Centre.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipt:laedte:202201
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    File URL: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC127769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social investment; cluster analysis; welfare state;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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