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Monetary Policy Regimes in Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Elcyon C. R. Lima
  • Alexis Maka
  • Mário Mendonça

Abstract

This article estimates the monetary policy rule followed by the Brazilian Central Bank for setting its main policy instrument, the SELIC rate, for the period after the Real Plan. In order to overcome the uncertainty over the dates at which changes in parameters occurred, this paper uses regime-dependent-switching probabilities according to a hidden Markov chain to model possible deviations from a simple linear reaction function. From July 1996 to January 2006 the Brazilian monetary policy can be fully characterized by four policy regimes. The changes in monetary policy in this period are best described by recurring regime changes, instead of once-and-for-all shifts. We have identified substantial differences in the way monetary policy was conducted in the subperiods before and after 1999, when the Brazilian exchange rate policy regime changed from crawling peg to free-floating. At each of these subperiods there are two recurring regimes and the two regimes of one subperiod differ from the two regimes of the other. Neste artigo estimamos a regra da política monetária adotada no período pós-Plano Real pelo Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) ao fixar o seu principal instrumento de política, a taxa Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custódia (Selic). Para lidar com a incerteza referente às datas nas quais ocorreram mudanças nos parâmetros, adotamos as hipóteses segundo as quais essas mudanças são regimedependentes e as probabilidades de ocorrência dos regimes seguem uma cadeia de Markov. O modelo assim especificado possui uma estrutura flexível e permite detectar possíveis desvios em relação a uma função de reação linear simples. Concluímos que, de julho de 1996 a janeiro de 2006, a política monetária brasileira pode ser caracterizada por quatro regimes. As mudanças de regime ocoridas nesse período são mais adequadamente descritas por mudanças de regime recorrentes do que por mudanças permanentes. No entanto, identificamos diferenças substanciais na forma como a política monetária foi conduzida nos períodos anterior e posterior a 1999, quando o câmbio passou de administrado para flutuante. Em cada um desses períodos existem dois regimes de política recorrentes, sendo que os dois regimes do período anterior a 1999 diferem dos dois regimes do período posterior.

Suggested Citation

  • Elcyon C. R. Lima & Alexis Maka & Mário Mendonça, 2015. "Monetary Policy Regimes in Brazil," Discussion Papers 0181, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0181
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Cerqueira, Vinícius Dos Santos & Ribeiro, Márcio Bruno & Martinez, Thiago Sevilhano, 2014. "Propagação Assimétrica de Choques Monetários na Economia Brasileira: Evidências com base em um modelo vetorial não-linear de transição suave," Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil), vol. 68(1), April.
    3. Christian Glocker & Pascal Towbin, 2012. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Reserve Requirements," WIFO Working Papers 420, WIFO.
    4. Glocker, Christian & Towbin, Pascal, 2015. "Reserve requirements as a macroprudential instrument – Empirical evidence from Brazil," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 158-176.
    5. Marek Jarocinski & Frank Smets, 2008. "House prices and the stance of monetary policy," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 90(Jul), pages 339-366.

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