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Endogenous Foreign Capital Flow in a CGE Model for Brazil: the Role of International Reserves

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  • Wilfredo Leiva Maldonado
  • Octávio Augusto Fontes Tourinho
  • Marcos Valli

Abstract

In this paper we model foreign capital flow to Brazil as stemming from an investment decision that whose risk depends on the expected rate of loss of foreign reserves. This motivates the estimation of an empirical relationship between these two variables that is valid for “normal” periods (when there is no foreign exchange crisis) which is used to calculate the capital flow associated with a given expected rate of foreign reserves loss. This empirical relationship is then introduced in a static General Equilibrium Model for Brazil which has exogenous foreign capital flow and follows a relatively standard specification, to produce a version of it with endogenous capital flow. After employing the inverse of the estimated relationship to calculate the difference between the expected and the realized values of the reserve loss in 1998, and using it to adjust the base year data, we recalibrate the model and compare the response of the two versions of the model to a simulation of the implementation of two free trade agreements: with the Americas (ALCA) and with the European Union. The main conclusion is that the inclusion of endogenous foreign capital flow in the model significantly amplifies, and in some cases changes, the real effects of these free trade agreements. Neste artigo admitimos que o fluxo de capital externo para o Brasil subordina-se a uma decisão de investimento cujo nível de risco depende da taxa esperada de perda de reservas internacionais. Isso foi motivado pela estimação que fazemos de uma relação empírica entre essas duas variáveis que é válida para períodos em que não há crise de balanço de pagamentos. Essa relação foi então introduzida em um modelo estático de equilíbrio geral aplicado, um CGE, que havia sido anteriormente desenvolvido no IPEA para o Brasil, para produzir uma versão com fluxo de capital externo endógeno. Depois de ajustar a calibragem do ano-base do modelo (1998) para levar em conta a inclusão dessa equação nele, o artigo compara a resposta das duas versões do modelo à simulação da implementação de dois acordos de livre-comércio: o Alca e o acordo com a União Européia. A principal conclusão é que a endogeneização do fluxo de capital externo amplia o efeito simulado sobre a economia real desses acordos de livrecomércio.

Suggested Citation

  • Wilfredo Leiva Maldonado & Octávio Augusto Fontes Tourinho & Marcos Valli, 2015. "Endogenous Foreign Capital Flow in a CGE Model for Brazil: the Role of International Reserves," Discussion Papers 0133, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0133
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Iwan J. Azis, 2000. "Simulating economy-wide models to capture the transition from financial crisis to social crisis," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 34(2), pages 251-278.
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