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Liberalization, Stabilization and Poverty in Latin America During the 1990s

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  • André Urani

Abstract

Latin America´s lost decade seems to be definitely over. During the first half of the 1990´s, GDP growth was higher than during the 1980´s as a whole, at the same time than inflation was substantially reduced and poverty indicators progressively improved. These common trend tend to hide, however, important cross-country differences in the timing and in the nature of the structural reforms and of the stabilization policies that were at the origins of this process, and therefore of their macroeconomic and social impacts. The purpose of this paper is to study the recent experience of four among the main countries of the continent: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. I start describing their macroeconomic policies and performances since the beginning of the 1990´s. Then, I analize the impacts of the macroeconomic behaviour on the labor market and on income distribution. Finally, I try to investigate which kind of policies would be apropriated in order to reduce poverty faster then during the last years. A "década perdida" já era. Graças às reformas estruturais e ao êxito das políticas de estabilização empreendidas nos últimos anos, a economia latino-americana cresceu, durante a primeira metade da década de 90, mais do que durante a de 80 como um todo, ao mesmo tempo em que reduzia substancialmente sua taxa média de inflação e registrava progressos no combate à pobreza. Estas tendências comuns tendem a ocultar, todavia, importantes diferenças nas condições iniciais, no ritmo e na natureza das reformas que foram implementadas nos diferentes países do continente — e, portanto, em suas conseqüências macroeconômicas e sociais. Neste artigo procura-se, primeiramente, analisar a experiência recente de quatro países: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México, com ênfase na diversidade do timing e da profundidade das reformas e das políticas de estabilização implementadas. Em seguida, estudam-se os impactos destas medidas sobre o desempenho macroeconômico, o mercado de trabalho e a distribuição de renda. Finalmente, parte-se para a formulação de diretrizes de políticas que possam vir a reduzir a pobreza mais rapidamente do que a registrada no período recente.

Suggested Citation

  • André Urani, 2015. "Liberalization, Stabilization and Poverty in Latin America During the 1990s," Discussion Papers 0064, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Rudiger Dornbusch & Sebastian Edwards, 1995. "Reform, Recovery, and Growth: Latin America and the Middle East," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number dorn95-1.
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    5. Fanelli, José María & Machinea, José Luis, 1995. "El movimiento de capitales en Argentina," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 30389, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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