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La limitation constitutionnelle du nombre de mandats présidentiels: une coquille vide? Une analyse du cas du Burundi

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  • Vandeginste, Stef

Abstract

Dans le débat concernant l’éventuelle candidature à un mandat présidentiel supplémentaire des présidents en exercice au Burundi, en République démocratique du Congo et au Rwanda, on observe une tendance de la part d’acteurs politiques et diplomatiques à appeler au respect de la Constitution. Appliquée au cas du Burundi, l’analyse juridique présentée dans ce papier montre que d’importants défis peuvent se poser en ce qui concerne la mise en application de la norme constitutionnelle consacrant le principe de la limitation du nombre de mandats que peut exercer un président de la République. Cette norme n’aura, en toute probabilité, aucun effet au moment de l’évaluation de la recevabilité de l’éventuelle candidature de Pierre Nkurunziza aux élections présidentielles de 2015 par la Commission électorale nationale indépendance (CENI). La seule procédure qui, avant les élections, permettrait de jeter de la lumière sur l’éligibilité de Pierre Nkurunziza au scrutin présidentiel serait celle d’une demande d’interprétation de la Constitution adressée à la Cour constitutionnelle par Pierre Nkurunziza lui-même ou par d’autres requérants issus de son parti politique, le CNDD-FDD (Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie – Forces de défense de la démocratie). Dans ces circonstances, un renvoi à la Constitution, aussi louable soit-il, ne remplace pas le choix essentiellement politique à faire. In the ongoing debate around presidential term limits and how they apply to the cases of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, national and international political and diplomatic actors have increasingly referred to the need to respect the Constitution. Applied to the case of Burundi, this legal analyses shows that important challenges arise when it comes to implementing the constitutional norm regarding presidential term limits. In all likelihood, this norm will have no effect whatsoever no the decision to be taken by the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) regarding the admissibility of a candidacy of Pierre Nkurunziza for the 2015 presidential elections. The only procedure through which, before the elections, some light can be shed on Pierre Nkurunziza’s eligibility for a third presidential mandate is through an interpretation of the Constitution by the Constitutional Court. This can only be done at the request of Pierre Nkurunziza himself or through a petition which is supported by at least some of the members of parliament who belong to his political party CNDD-FDD (Conseil national pour la defense de la démocratie – Forces de defense de la démocratie). In these circumstances, merely referring to the Constitution, however laudable in principle, clearly does not replace the essentially political choice to be made.

Suggested Citation

  • Vandeginste, Stef, 2014. "La limitation constitutionnelle du nombre de mandats présidentiels: une coquille vide? Une analyse du cas du Burundi," IOB Working Papers 2014.04, Universiteit Antwerpen, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).
  • Handle: RePEc:iob:wpaper:201404
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    Cited by:

    1. Banshimiyubusa, Denis, 2022. "Crispations identitaires et "identités légitimatrices" pendant crise politique: un regard rétrospectif sur la crise du 3ème mandat au Burundi," IOB Discussion Papers 2022.01, Universiteit Antwerpen, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).
    2. Devon E.A. Curtis, 2015. "Development assistance and the lasting legacies of rebellion in Burundi and Rwanda," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(7), pages 1365-1381, July.
    3. Vandeginste, Stef, 2016. "In need of a guardian angel: preserving the gains of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi," IOB Working Papers 2016.01, Universiteit Antwerpen, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).

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    Keywords

    Burundi; constitution;

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