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Efectos del Diferencial de Impuestos a las Gasolinas en la Demanda de Automóviles

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Abstract

La política tributaria respecto a los combustibles en Chile ha mantenido desde sus inicios impuestos menores para las gasolinas respecto al diesel. Como resultado la fracción de automóviles con motor diesel en el parque automotor ha crecido fuertemente, en especial durante los últimos cinco años. Dado que en promedio 20% de las emisiones de los motores diesel equivalen a un 80% de las emisiones de motores a gasolinas, esto tiene consecuencias importantes en la magnitud de las externalidades asociadas al uso de automóviles y puede afectar fuertemente a ciudades como Santiago que tienen altos niveles de contaminación. En este trabajo se estima el efecto del diferencial de impuestos a los combustibles en la demanda de automóviles. Los resultados muestran elasticidades de la demanda por automóviles a diesel de 3?4 y 2?1 respecto al precio del automóvil y al diferencial de impuestos. Estas magnitudes permitirían implementar una política tributaria con efectos significativos en la reducción de emisiones, al igualar las tasas de impuestos de la gasolina y el diesel y establecer un impuesto específico a los automóviles con motor diesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Agostini, 2010. "Efectos del Diferencial de Impuestos a las Gasolinas en la Demanda de Automóviles," ILADES-UAH Working Papers inv243, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business.
    • Handle: RePEc:ila:ilades:inv243
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    Keywords

    Impuesto a los Combustibles; Motores Diesel; Demanda de Automóviles; Externalidades;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General

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