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Les déterminants de la croissance régionale et l’intégration Européenne : 1986-1995

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Cet article évalue dans quelle mesure l’intégration économique européenne renforce ou atténue les différentiels de croissance entre les régions. En se basant sur les nouvelles théories du commerce international (Krugman et Helpman, 1985, Grossman et Helpman, 1990, 1991 et 1995, Krugman, 1991), de la « géographie économique » (Krugman et Venables, 1995, 1996), et de la croissance endogène (Romer, 1990, Lucas, 1988), cet article démontre que l’intensité des économies d’agglomération contribue à expliquer les variations du taux de croissance industriel au sein des régions NUTS2 de l’Union européenne entre 1986 et 1995. On observe qu’une structure diversifiée – i.e. non sur-spécialisée - et compétitive tend à stimuler la croissance de l’emploi régional. L’étude empirique révèle également la présence de forces d’agglomération alors que les industries semblent se concentrer au sein de « districts industriels ». On remarque tout de même un phénomène de convergence économique en faveur des régions à bas salaires ou moins développées.

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  • Bernard Gauthier & Alain Lapointe & Frédéric Laurin, 2001. "Les déterminants de la croissance régionale et l’intégration Européenne : 1986-1995," Cahiers de recherche 01-06, HEC Montréal, Institut d'économie appliquée.
    • Handle: RePEc:iea:carech:0106
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