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Profil démographique des personnes d'origine subsaharienne en France

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  • Cris Beauchemin

Abstract

Les migrations en provenance d’Afrique subsaharienne suscitent, en France, une tension dans les débats publics qui ne se relâche pas depuis le début des années 2000. Au gré des images spectaculaires, relayées par les médias, qui montrent des Africains aux frontières européennes, ou de publications sensationnalistes qui promettent une «ruée vers l’Europe», la peur d’une invasion est régulièrement réactivée. Les flux de migrants misérables, poussés par les conflits et les crises environnementales, seraient massifs. Qu’en est-il? Quelle est aujourd’hui l’ampleur des migrations subsahariennes et quels sont les profils des migrants? Quelles sont les tendances effectivement observées et a-t-on raison de croire à un exode de la «jeune Afrique» vers le «Vieux Continent»? Cette étude propose un état des lieux descriptif, essentiellement statistique, de la population d’origine subsaharienne en France. Elle recouvre à la fois les immigrés et leurs enfants nés sur le territoire, c’est-à-dire les personnes qui ont formé la première génération à vivre sur le sol français, ainsi que la seconde génération. Ce document se divise en deux parties. La première donne la mesure de l’immigration subsaharienne en France en examinant son évolution passée, en présentant les tendances actuelles et en envisageant ses évolutions futures. Elle montre que les Subsahariens en France sont durablement une population statistiquement marginale, dont les effectifs varient en fonction des entrées, mais également en fonction des sorties. La seconde partie s’intéresse aux caractéristiques socio-économiques des migrants et de leurs enfants, en particulier en matière d’éducation et d’emploi. Elle met en évidence l’hétérogénéité de cette population en termes de génération, d’origine, et de genre. Elle suggère que les hommes d’origine subsaharienne sont fréquemment engagés dans des processus de déclassement social.

Suggested Citation

  • Cris Beauchemin, 2020. "Profil démographique des personnes d'origine subsaharienne en France," Working Papers 2020-2, French Institute for Demographic Studies.
  • Handle: RePEc:idg:wpaper:axaubqwk-o0viyh9z0po
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mr. Jesus R Gonzalez-Garcia & Mr. Ermal Hitaj & Mr. Montfort Mlachila & Arina Viseth & Mustafa Yenice, 2016. "Sub-Saharan African Migration: Patterns and Spillovers," IMF Spillover Notes 2016/009, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Cris Beauchemin & Jocelyn Nappa & Bruno Schoumaker & Pau Baizan & Amparo González-Ferrer & Kim Caarls & Valentina Mazzucato, 2015. "Reunifying Versus Living Apart Together Across Borders: A Comparative Analysis of sub-Saharan Migration to Europe," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1), pages 173-199, March.
    3. Yaël Brinbaum & Jean-Luc Primon, 2013. "Parcours scolaires des descendants d'immigrés et sentiments d'injustice et de discrimination," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 464(1), pages 215-243.
    4. Marion Borderon & Patrick Sakdapolrak & Raya Muttarak & Endale Kebede & Raffaella Pagogna & Eva Sporer, 2019. "Migration influenced by environmental change in Africa: A systematic review of empirical evidence," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 41(18), pages 491-544.
    5. Cris Beauchemin & Christelle Hamel & Patrick Simon, 2010. "Trajectoires et origines : Enquête sur la diversité des populations en France," Working Papers 168, Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
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