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EU-Osterweiterung: Aufholprozess mit Chancen und Risiken

Author

Listed:
  • Hönekopp, Elmar
  • Langenbucher, Kristine
  • Walwei, Ulrich

    (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany)

Abstract

"Seit Mai 2004 hat die Europäische Union zehn neue Mitglieder. Der Aufbau einer wettbewerbsfähigen Wirtschaft in den neuen EU-Ländern ist maßgeblich für das Tempo des anstehenden Aufholprozesses und die Konvergenz in der erweiterten Union. Als erstes gilt es, einen beträchtlichen ökonomischen Rückstand aufzuholen: Das durchschnittliche BIP pro Kopf in den neuen Ländern erreicht nicht einmal 50% des bisherigen EU-Durchschnitts. Auch Wachstumsraten, die bereits seit 1995 deutlich über dem Durchschnitt der bisherigen EU-15 liegen, haben das Wohlfahrtsgefälle nur graduell verringert. Ein ernst zu nehmendes Risiko im Aufholprozess ist die Entwicklung auf den Arbeitsmärkten. Anhaltend hohe Arbeitslosigkeit in einigen neuen Ländern könnte Humankapital entwerten und zur Abwanderung von Leistungsträgern führen. Wie schon innerhalb der EU-15 gibt es allerdings zwischen den zehn neuen Mitgliedsländern erhebliche Unterschiede. Dies gilt für die Wirtschaftslage ebenso wie für den Arbeitsmarkt oder den Stand des sektoralen Strukturwandels. Von den Wachstumseffekten, die aus der EU-Erweiterung resultieren, werden die neuen Länder zwar stärker profitieren als die alten. Bis zu einer annähernden wirtschaftlichen Konvergenz ist es aber noch ein langer Weg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Suggested Citation

  • Hönekopp, Elmar & Langenbucher, Kristine & Walwei, Ulrich, 2004. "EU-Osterweiterung: Aufholprozess mit Chancen und Risiken," IAB-Kurzbericht 200412, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
  • Handle: RePEc:iab:iabkbe:200412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fritz Breuss, 2001. "Macroeconomic Effects of EU Enlargement for Old and New Members," WIFO Working Papers 143, WIFO.
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    Cited by:

    1. Buttler, Friedrich & Schoof, Ulrich & Walwei, Ulrich, 2006. "The European Social Model and eastern enlargement," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 39(1), pages 97-122.
    2. Buttler, Friedrich & Schoof, Ulrich & Walwei, Ulrich, 2006. "The European Social Model and eastern enlargement," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 39(1), pages 97-122.
    3. Buttler, Friedrich & Schoof, Ulrich & Walwei, Ulrich, 2006. "The European Social Model and eastern enlargement," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 39(1), pages 97-122.

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