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Comment Friedman a-t-il persuadé ? Du "taux d'intérêt naturel" au "taux de chômage naturel" : Portée, limites et usages d'une analogie revendiquée

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  • Christophe Lavialle

    (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [UMR7322] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

L'article s'intéresse à l'analyse des éléments de rhétorique convoqués par Friedman (1968) comme outils de persuasion dans sa critique de la courbe de Phillips et de l'usage accommodant des politiques monétaires. La référence à la « naturalité » du taux de chômage d'équilibre en est un premier, qui joue le rôle de preuve intrinsèque (entechnai) et établit la dimension pathétique de l'argumentaire. La définition de ce concept de taux de chômage « naturel » sur la base d'une analogie avec la définition du taux d'intérêt naturel chez Wicksell (1898), en est un second, qui joue le rôle de preuve extrinsèque (atechnai), et s'appuie à la fois sur le recours à l'autorité d'un Ancien (qui établit la portée éthique de la démonstration), et sur le procédé analogique en lui-même (qui construit la dimension logique du discours). L'article s'intéresse alors à décrypter le fonctionnement démonstratif de ces éléments, et à évaluer précisément la portée de ladémonstration logique de Friedman. Nous soulignons à cet égard les limites de l'analogie revendiquée par Friedman et les divergences dans la représentation qu'ont Friedman et Wicksell de l'économie monétaire, de la monnaie et des politiques monétaires. C'est aussi l'occasion, à la lumière de ces développements, de souligner les glissements que Friedman introduit, en usant de ces éléments de rhétorique, dans le contenu du débat macroéconomique. Au final, la rhétorique de Friedman apparaît comme une véritable « sophistique réactionnaire » au sens de Hirschmann (1991).

Suggested Citation

  • Christophe Lavialle, 2014. "Comment Friedman a-t-il persuadé ? Du "taux d'intérêt naturel" au "taux de chômage naturel" : Portée, limites et usages d'une analogie revendiquée," Working Papers halshs-01204655, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01204655
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01204655
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    rhétorique; analogie; taux naturel de chômage; politique monétaire; neutralité; Friedman; Wicksell; Hayek; Keynes.;
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